{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:27:30Z","timestamp":1774438050076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote sensing technology has seen a massive rise in popularity over the last two decades, becoming an integral part of our lives. Space-based satellite technologies facilitated access to the inaccessible terrains, helped humanitarian teams, support complex emergencies, and contributed to monitoring and verifying conflict zones. The scoping phase of this review investigated the utility of the role of remote sensing application to complement international peace and security activities owing to their ability to provide objective near real-time insights at the ground level. The first part of this review looks into the major research concepts and implementation of remote sensing-based techniques for international peace and security applications and presented a meta-analysis on how advanced sensor capabilities can support various aspects of peace and security. With key examples, we demonstrated how this technology assemblage enacts multiple versions of peace and security: for refugee relief operations, in armed conflicts monitoring, tracking acts of genocide, providing evidence in courts of law, and assessing contravention in human rights. The second part of this review anticipates future challenges that can hinder the applicative capabilities of remote sensing in peace and security. Varying types of sensors pose discrepancies in image classifications and issues like cost, resolution, and difficulty of ground-truth in conflict areas. With emerging technologies and sufficient secondary resources available, remote sensing plays a vital operational tool in conflict-affected areas by supporting an extensive diversity in public policy actions for peacekeeping processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1611750026000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Remote Sensing for International Peace and Security: Its Role and Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3653-5771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram","family":"Avtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Kouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Bengaluru City University, Post Office Road, Ambedkar Veedhi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560001, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8748-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, India"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0180-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakhar","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ali P.","family":"Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7099-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pankaj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian Alan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajarshi","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Netrananda","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Besse Rimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan"},{"name":"United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lessnoff, M. 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