{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T11:39:34Z","timestamp":1773142774997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acoustic response from lithics knapped by humans has been demonstrated to facilitate effective detection of submerged Stone Age sites exposed on the seafloor or embedded within its sediments. This phenomenon has recently enabled the non-invasive detection of several hitherto unknown submerged Stone Age sites, as well as the registration of acoustic responses from already known localities. Investigation of the acoustic-response characteristics of knapped lithics, which appear not to be replicated in naturally cracked lithic pieces (geofacts), is presently on-going through laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) modelling of high-resolution 3D-scanned pieces. Experimental work is also being undertaken, employing chirp sub-bottom systems (reflection seismic) on known sites in marine areas and inland water bodies. Fieldwork has already yielded positive results in this initial stage of development of an optimised Human-Altered Lithic Detection (HALD) method for mapping submerged Stone Age sites. This paper reviews the maritime archaeological perspectives of this promising approach, which potentially facilitates new and improved practice, summarizes existing data, and reports on the present state of development. Its focus is not reflection seismics as such, but a useful resonance phenomenon induced by the use of high-resolution reflection seismic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T12:20:26Z","timestamp":1611750026000},"page":"445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Acoustic Mapping of Submerged Stone Age Sites\u2014A HALD Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5122-910X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Gr\u00f8n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1250 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Culture &amp; Preservation, 9690 Fjerritslev, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Lars Ole","family":"Boldreel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1250 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social, Cultural and Justice Studies, The University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA"},{"name":"The Archaeological Research Cooperative Inc., Tallahassee, FL 32305, USA"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Archaeological Research Cooperative Inc., Tallahassee, FL 32305, USA"},{"name":"SEARCH Inc., Tallahassee, FL 32305, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1137-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rostand","family":"Tayong Boumda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustics &amp; Environmental HydroAcoustics Lab, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies and Science, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00e4der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unterwasserarch\u00e4ologie\/Dendrochronologie Z\u00fcrich, Amt f\u00fcr Stadtebau, 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5986-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Bleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unterwasserarch\u00e4ologie\/Dendrochronologie Z\u00fcrich, Amt f\u00fcr Stadtebau, 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East Jutland Museum, 8900 Randers, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Cvikel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Galili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egon","family":"N\u00f8rmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Changqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201815, China"}]},{"given":"Qunyan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2909-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Blondel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, The Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Str\u00e5kendal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L\u00e4nsstyrelsen i Blekinge l\u00e4n, 371 86 Karlskrona, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4324-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Dell\u2019Anno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60131 Ancona, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2017.06.025","article-title":"Late Quaternary sea-level changes and early human societies in the central and eastern Mediterranean Basin: An interdisciplinary review","volume":"449","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quat. 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