{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:07:55Z","timestamp":1774609675978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0821900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0821900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this short communication, we describe the shortcomings and pitfalls of a commonly used method to detect ground materials that relies on setting thresholds for normalized difference indices. We analyze this method critically and present some experimental results on the USGS and ECOSTRESS spectral libraries and on real Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images. We demonstrate the risk of commission errors and provide some suggestions to reduce it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1611811385000},"page":"450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Detection of Ground Materials Using Normalized Difference Indices with a Threshold: Risk and Ways to Improve"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Van de Voorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3555-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haojie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidan District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Monitoring Vegetation Systems in the Great Plains with ERTS","volume":"351","author":"Rouse","year":"1974","journal-title":"NASA Spec. 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