{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T10:38:02Z","timestamp":1773571082251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["No.2016YFB0501404 and No. 2016YFA0600103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2016YFB0501404 and No. 2016YFA0600103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is confirmed that China has been greening over the last two decades. Such greening and its driving factors are therefore significant for understanding the relationship between vegetation and environments. However, studies on vegetation changes and attribution analyses at the national scale are limited in China after 2000. In this study, fractional vegetation cover (FVC) data from Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) was used to detect vegetation change trends from 2001 to 2018, and the effects of CO2, temperature, shortwave radiation, precipitation, and land cover change (LCC) on FVC changes were quantified using generalized linear models (GLM). The results showed that (1) FVC in China increased by 14% from 2001 to 2018 with a greening rate of approximately 0.0019\/year (p &lt; 0.01), which showed an apparent greening trend. (2) On the whole, CO2, climate-related factors, and LCC accounted for 88% of FVC changes in China, and the drivers explained 82%, 89%, 90%, and 89% of the FVC changes in the Qinghai\u2013Tibet region, northwest region, northern region, and southern region, respectively. CO2 was the major driving factor for FVC changes, accounting for 31% of FVC changes in China, indicating that CO2 was an essential factor in vegetation growth research. (3) The statistical results of pixels with land cover changes showed that LCC explained 12% of FVC changes, LCC has played a relatively important role and this phenomenon may be related to the ecological restoration projects. This study enriches the study of vegetation changes and its driving factors, and quantitatively describes the response relationship between vegetation and its driving factors. The results have an important significance for adjusting terrestrial ecosystem services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T08:56:01Z","timestamp":1611996961000},"page":"496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Vegetation Cover Change and Its Attribution in China from 2001 to 2018"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Baohui","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication and Information Center of Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100013, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1493-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaozheng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100040, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-3864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naijing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Aerospace Information Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"Fractional vegetation cover estimation in arid and semi-arid environments using HJ-1 satellite hyperspectral data","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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