{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:34:59Z","timestamp":1774978499651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PNRA","award":["PNRA16_00194 - A1  - PNRA18_00186-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRA16_00194 - A1  - PNRA18_00186-E"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote sensing can be helpful in defining the dynamic of a high-latitude coastal environment where the role of cryogenic processes like sea-ice or permafrost are the main drivers together with storm surge and wind action. Here we examined the geomorphological dynamics of a beach located at Edmonson Point (74\u00b0 S) not far from the Italian Antarctic Station \u201cMario Zucchelli\u201d between 1993 and 2019 using different remote sensing techniques and field measurements. Our data demonstrate that the average rate of surficial increase of the beach (0.002 \u00b1 0.032 m yr\u22121) was slightly higher than the uplift rate determined by previous authors (0\u20131 cm yr\u22121) in case of pure isostatic rebound. However, we suggest that the evolution of EPNB is likely due to the couple effect of vertical uplift and high wave-energy events. Indeed, the coastline accumulation could be related to the subsurface sea water infiltration and annually freezing at the permafrost table interface as aggradational ice as suggested by the ERT carried out in 1996. This ERT suggests the occurrence of saline frozen permafrost or hypersaline brines under the sea level while permafrost with ice occurred above the sea level. The beach also revealed areas that had quite high subsidence values (between 0.08 and 0.011 m yr\u22121) located in the area where ice content was higher in 1996 and where the active layer thickening and wind erosion could explain the measured erosion rates. Here, we also dated at the late morning of 15 February 2019 coastal flooding and defined a significant wave height of 1.95 m. During the high oceanic wave event the sea level increased advancing shoreward up to 360 m, three times higher than the previous reported storm surge (81 m) and with a sea level rise almost five times higher than has been previously recorded in the Ross Sea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Shore Evidences of a High Antarctic Ocean Wave Event: Geomorphology, Event Reconstruction and Coast Dynamics through a Remote Sensing Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Ponti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5966-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Guglielmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNEP (2006). Marine and Coastal Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: A Synthesis Report Based on The Findings of The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, UNEP."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.08.004","article-title":"Managing coastal erosion under climate change at the regional scale","volume":"128","author":"Toimil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"685","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of climate change impacts on dune erosion: Case study for the Dutch Holland coast","volume":"14","author":"Ruessink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Doyle, T.W., Day, R.H., and Biagas, J.M. (2003). Predicting coastal retreat in the Florida Big Bend region of the Gulf Coast under climate change induced sea-level rise. Integrated Assessment of the Climate Change Impacts on the Gulf Coast Region, Louisiana State University Graphic Services. Gulf Coast Climate Change Assessment Council (GCRCC)."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-17-1075-2017","article-title":"Changes in beach shoreline due to sea level rise and waves under climate change scenarios: Application to the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)","volume":"17","author":"Marcos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2018.12.009","article-title":"Climate change-driven losses in ecosystem services of coastal wetlands: A case study in the West coast of Bangladesh","volume":"169","author":"Mehvar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.3290020409","article-title":"Proposed mechanism for storm beach sedimentation","volume":"2","author":"Orford","year":"1977","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2112\/05-0573.1","article-title":"The influence of cryogenic processes on the erosional Arctic shoreface","volume":"24","author":"Are","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2018.07.007","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variability in coastline response to declining sea-ice in northwest Alaska","volume":"404","author":"Farquharson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020GL087917","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL087917","article-title":"Massive Ice Control on Permafrost Coast Erosion and Sensitivity","volume":"47","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2019.103610","article-title":"Fifty four years of coastal erosion and hydrometeorological parameters in the Varandey region, Barents Sea","volume":"157","author":"Sinitsyn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.08.031","article-title":"Application of UAV BVLOS remote sensing data for multi-faceted analysis of Antarctic ecosystem","volume":"217","author":"Zmarz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Coastal Geomorphology and Ground Thermal Regime of the Varandey Area, Northern Russia","volume":"32","author":"Sinitsyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JG004166","article-title":"Coastal Erosion of Permafrost Soils Along the Yukon Coastal Plain and Fluxes of Organic Carbon to the Canadian Beaufort Sea","volume":"132","author":"Couture","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-015-0046-0","article-title":"Erosion and Flooding\u2014Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada","volume":"39","author":"Radosavljevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St-Hilaire-gravel, D., Bell, T.J., and Forbes, D.L. (2010). Raised gravel beaches as proxy indicators of past sea-ice and wave conditions, Lowther island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Arctic, 213\u2013226.","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic976"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/030913339401800104","article-title":"Ice in the shore zone and the geomorphology of cold coasts","volume":"18","author":"Forbes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2006.01.006","article-title":"Pre-Holocene raised beaches at Cape Ross, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica","volume":"229","author":"Gardner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/00167223.2010.10669515","article-title":"Beach ridge geomorphology at Cape Grinnell, northern Greenland: A less icy arctic in the mid-holocene","volume":"110","author":"Mason","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geogr. Tidsskr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JF002845","article-title":"Modeling erosion of ice-rich permafrost bluffs along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast","volume":"119","author":"Barnhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-13-1513-2019","article-title":"Rapid retreat of permafrost coastline observed with aerial drone photogrammetry","volume":"13","author":"Cunliffe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-004-0194-x","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variability of shoreline change in the Beaufort-Mackenzie region, northwest territories, Canada","volume":"25","author":"Solomon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geo-Marine Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-004-0191-0","article-title":"Observed storminess patterns and trends in the circum-Arctic coastal regime","volume":"25","author":"Atkinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geo-Marine Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2014.06.013","article-title":"Polar gravel beach-ridge systems: Sedimentary architecture, genesis, and implications for climate reconstructions (South Shetland Islands\/Western Antarctic Peninsula)","volume":"221","author":"Lindhorst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-010-9362-6","article-title":"The Arctic Coastal Dynamics Database: A New Classification Scheme and Statistics on Arctic Permafrost Coastlines","volume":"35","author":"Lantuit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102016000171","article-title":"Unusual coastal flood impacts in Salmon Valley, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","volume":"28","author":"Dayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antarct. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"5","article-title":"Coastal studies in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica): Holocene beaches of Inexpressible Island, Thetys Bay and Edmonson Point","volume":"7","author":"Simeoni","year":"1989","journal-title":"Boll. Oceanol. Teor. Appl."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-8-1777-2014","article-title":"The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts","volume":"8","author":"Barnhart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/jqs.2782","article-title":"Assessing the link between coastal morphology, wave energy and sea ice throughout the Holocene from Antarctic raised beaches","volume":"30","author":"Simkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Quat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(99)00061-4","article-title":"Process environments on modern and raised beaches in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica","volume":"162","author":"Butler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2003.09.004","article-title":"Holocene relative sea-level history of the Southern Victoria Land Coast, Antarctica","volume":"42","author":"Hall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Chang."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, I.D., King, M.A., Bentley, M.J., Whitehouse, P.L., Penna, N.T., Williams, S.D.P., Riva, R.E.M., Lavallee, D.A., Clarke, P.J., and King, E.C. (2011). Widespread low rates of Antarctic glacial isostatic adjustment revealed by GPS observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL049277"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2012.05557.x","article-title":"A new glacial isostatic adjustment model for Antarctica: Calibrated and tested using observations of relative sea-level change and present-day uplift rates","volume":"190","author":"Whitehouse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2010.04.006","article-title":"Holocene isostatic uplift of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, modelled from raised beaches","volume":"29","author":"Fretwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Quat. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-5894(91)90023-X","article-title":"Holocene raised beaches at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica","volume":"36","author":"Baroni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Quat. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1038\/358316a0","article-title":"Antarctic ice volume and contribution to sea-level fall at 20,000 yr BP from raised beaches","volume":"358","author":"Colhoun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/jqs.825","article-title":"A new Holocene relative sea-level curve for Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica","volume":"19","author":"Baroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Quat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2016.09.031","article-title":"Geomorphological mapping of ice-free areas using polarimetric RADARSAT-2 data on Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island, Antarctica","volume":"293","author":"Schmid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2011.06.017","article-title":"Determination of volumetric variations and coastal changes due to historical volcanic eruptions using historical maps and remote-sensing at Deception Island (West-Antarctica)","volume":"136","author":"Torrecillas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2015.1026050","article-title":"Landfast sea ice monitoring using multisensor fusion in the Antarctic","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"GISci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqpro.2015.02.022","article-title":"Iterative Spectral Index Ratio Exploration for Object-based Image Analysis of Antarctic Coastal Oasis Using High Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Data","volume":"4","author":"Jawak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"53","article-title":"Using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to capture micro-topography of antarctic moss beds","volume":"27","author":"Lucieer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Zhang, B., Cheng, X., Westoby, M.J., Li, Z., Ma, C., Hui, F., Shokr, M., Liu, Y., and Chen, Z. (2019). Resolving fine-scale surface features on polar sea ice: A first assessment of UAS photogrammetry without ground control. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11070784"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.5194\/os-16-1111-2020","article-title":"Predicting tidal heights for extreme environments: From 25 h observations to accurate predictions at Jang Bogo Antarctic Research Station, Ross Sea, Antarctica","volume":"16","author":"Byun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102094000751","article-title":"Holocene glacier variations in the Terra Nova Bay area (Victoria Land, Antarctica)","volume":"6","author":"Baroni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antarct. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1530(199910\/12)10:4<331::AID-PPP328>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Observations on the ice-marginal, periglacial geomorphology of Terra Nova Bay, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica","volume":"10","author":"French","year":"1999","journal-title":"Permafr. Periglac. Process."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2015.04.011","article-title":"Variation in the characteristics and development of soils at Edmonson Point due to abiotic and biotic factors, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica","volume":"132","author":"Smykla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2006, January 12\u201323). Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 165 EDMON-SON POINT, WOOD BAY, VICTORIA LAND, ROSS SEA. Proceedings of the ATCM XXIX, Edinburgh, UK."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1017\/jog.2020.70","article-title":"Characterization of snowfall estimated by in situ and ground-based remote-sensing observations at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica","volume":"66","author":"Scarchilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2009.04.007","article-title":"Influence of vegetation on the ground thermal regime in continental Antarctica","volume":"151","author":"Cannone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2020.104562","article-title":"Effect of climate and moss vegetation on ground surface temperature and the active layer among different biogeographical regions in Antarctica","volume":"190","author":"Cannone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102006000599","article-title":"A network for monitoring terrestrial ecosystems along a latitudinal gradient in Continental Antarctica","volume":"18","author":"Cannone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antarct. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Molau, U., and M\u00f8lgaard, P. (1996). ITEX Manual, Danish Polar Center."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2015.05.008","article-title":"Riverscape mapping with helicopter-based Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry","volume":"252","author":"Dietrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/arp.399","article-title":"Taking computer vision aloft\u2014Archaeological three-dimensional reconstructions from aerial photographs with photoscan","volume":"18","author":"Verhoeven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archaeol. Prospect."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2016.11.021","article-title":"Optimising UAV topographic surveys processed with structure-from-motion: Ground control quality, quantity and bundle adjustment","volume":"280","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.009","article-title":"Accurate 3D comparison of complex topography with terrestrial laser scanner: Application to the Rangitikei canyon (N-Z)","volume":"82","author":"Lague","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duffy, J.P., Shutler, J.D., Witt, M.J., DeBell, L., and Anderson, K. (2018). Tracking fine-scale structural changes in coastal dune morphology using kite aerial photography and uncertainty-assessed structure-from-motion photogrammetry. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10091494"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"87","article-title":"Preparation of DEMs for geomorphometric analysis","volume":"33","author":"Reuter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2005.06.001","article-title":"Geospatial analysis of a coastal sand dune field evolution: Jockey\u2019s Ridge, North Carolina","volume":"72","author":"Mitasova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2015). ASPRS Positional Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.4125","article-title":"3-D uncertainty-based topographic change detection with structure-from-motion photogrammetry: Precision maps for ground control and directly georeferenced surveys","volume":"42","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-6182(91)90068-Y","article-title":"Coarse clastic barrier environments: Evolution and implications for quaternary sea level interpretation","volume":"9","author":"Orford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1029\/JC087iC01p00483","article-title":"Swash oscillations on a natural beach","volume":"87","author":"Guza","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3844","DOI":"10.1029\/2017JC013434","article-title":"Numerical modeling of historical storm tides and waves and their interactions along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts","volume":"123","author":"Marsooli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Smith, J.M. (1991). Wind-Wave Generation on Restricted Fetches, Coastal Engineering Research Center."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"5","article-title":"About some geomorphological aspects of the polar beaches","volume":"9","author":"Urdea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Geomorfol."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"628","article-title":"Sediment load of shore ice and ice rafting potential, upper St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Dionne","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2005.06.001","article-title":"Gully erosion: Impacts, factors and control","volume":"63","author":"Valentin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/00288330.2003.9517162","article-title":"Observations of sea-level variability in Ross Sea, Antarctica","volume":"37","author":"Goring","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Zeal. J. Mar. Freshw. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"195","article-title":"Geomorphological Map of the Northern Foothills near the Italian Station (terra Nova Bay, Antarctica)","volume":"33","author":"Baroni","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mem. Soc. Geol. It"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102005002968","article-title":"Antarctic glacial isostatic adjustment: A new assessment","volume":"17","author":"Ivins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antarct. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ivins, E.R. (2003). Glacial isostatic stress shadowing by the Antarctic ice sheet. J. Geophys. Res., 108.","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB002182"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8306.1972.tb00839.x","article-title":"The World Of Underground Ice","volume":"62","author":"Mackay","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0435-3676.1997.00003.x","article-title":"The contribution of geoelectrical investigations in the analysis of periglacial and glacial landforms in ice free areas of the Northern Foothills (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)","volume":"79","author":"Guglielmin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geogr. Ann. Ser. A Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.4320","article-title":"The origins of Antarctic rock glaciers: Periglacial or glacial features?","volume":"43","author":"Guglielmin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-011-0137-2","article-title":"A permafrost warming in a cooling Antarctica?","volume":"111","author":"Guglielmin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/9\/4\/045001","article-title":"Permafrost warming and vegetation changes in continental Antarctica","volume":"9","author":"Guglielmin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4","article-title":"Permafrost is warming at a global scale","volume":"10","author":"Biskaborn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/3\/518\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:18:26Z","timestamp":1760159906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/3\/518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13030518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13030518","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}