{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T17:30:14Z","timestamp":1768930214407,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The resolutions of current global altimetric gravity models and mean sea surface models are around 12 km wavelength resolving 6 km features, and for many years it has been difficult to improve the resolution further in a systematic way. For both Jason 1 and 2, a Geodetic Mission (GM) has been carried out as a part of the Extension-of-Life phase. The GM for Jason-1 lasted 406 days. The GM for Jason-2 was planned to provide ground-tracks with a systematic spacing of 4 km after 2 years and potentially 2 km after 4 years. Unfortunately, the satellite ceased operation in October 2019 after 2 years of Geodetic Mission but still provided a fantastic dataset for high resolution gravity recovery. We highlight the improvement to the gravity field which has been derived from the 2 years GM. When an Extension-of-Life phase is conducted, the satellite instruments will be old. Particularly Jason-2 suffered from several safe-holds and instrument outages during the GM. This leads to systematic gaps in the data-coverage and degrades the quality of the derived gravity field. For the first time, the Jason-2 GM was \u201crewound\u201d to mitigate the effect of the outages, and we evaluate the effect of \u201cmission rewind\u201d on gravity. With the recent successful launch of Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (S6-MF, formerly Jason CS), we investigate the possibility creating an altimetric dataset with 2 km track spacing as this would lead to fundamental increase in the spatial resolution of global altimetric gravity fields. We investigate the effect of bisecting the ground-tracks of existing GM to create a mesh with twice the resolution rather than starting all over with a new GM. The idea explores the unique opportunity to inject Jason-3 GM into the same orbital plane as used for Jason-2 GM but bisecting the existing Jason-2 tracks. This way, the already 2-years Jason-2 GM could be used to create a 2 km grid after only 2 years of Jason-3 GM, rather than starting all over with a new GM for Jason-3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T16:12:10Z","timestamp":1613146330000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Unique Role of the Jason Geodetic Missions for high Resolution Gravity Field and Mean Sea Surface Modelling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6685-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole Baltazar","family":"Andersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4001-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Sandwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3644-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9rald","family":"Dibarboure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNES, Av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8814-015X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter H. F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"given":"Adili","family":"Abulaitijiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"C11","article-title":"The DNSC08 mean sea surface and mean dynamic topography","volume":"114","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4910","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JC010904","article-title":"Mesoscale Resolution Capability of altimetry: Present & future","volume":"121","author":"Dufau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. 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