{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:45:02Z","timestamp":1783439102325,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovation Foundation of CASC","award":["Y20-JTKJCX-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20-JTKJCX-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014206","name":"National Key Laboratory Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6142411204306, 6142411192205 and HTKJ2020KL504011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6142411204306, 6142411192205 and HTKJ2020KL504011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Onboard real-time object detection in remote sensing images is a crucial but challenging task in this computation-constrained scenario. This task not only requires the algorithm to yield excellent performance but also requests limited time and space complexity of the algorithm. However, previous convolutional neural networks (CNN) based object detectors for remote sensing images suffer from heavy computational cost, which hinders them from being deployed on satellites. Moreover, an onboard detector is desired to detect objects at vastly different scales. To address these issues, we proposed a lightweight one-stage multi-scale feature fusion detector called MSF-SNET for onboard real-time object detection of remote sensing images. Using lightweight SNET as the backbone network reduces the number of parameters and computational complexity. To strengthen the detection performance of small objects, three low-level features are extracted from the three stages of SNET respectively. In the detection part, another three convolutional layers are designed to further extract deep features with rich semantic information for large-scale object detection. To improve detection accuracy, the deep features and low-level features are fused to enhance the feature representation. Extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations on the openly available NWPU VHR-10 dataset and DIOR dataset are conducted to evaluate the proposed method. Compared with other state-of-art detectors, the proposed detection framework has fewer parameters and calculations, while maintaining consistent accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:54:49Z","timestamp":1613282089000},"page":"683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A Lightweight Object Detection Framework for Remote Sensing Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lang","family":"Huyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech &amp; Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech &amp; Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Shaanxi, Xi\u2019an 710121, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech &amp; Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech &amp; Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech &amp; Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanni","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.014","article-title":"A survey on object detection in optical remote sensing images","volume":"117","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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