{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:29:45Z","timestamp":1781011785789,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China","award":["2020LH04003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020LH04003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41807507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41807507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41801353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Drought Meteorology Science Research Program","award":["IAM201904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IAM201904"]}]},{"name":"High-level introduction of talent research start-up fund in Inner Mongolia Normal University","award":["2018YJRC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YJRC008"]}]},{"name":"High-level introduction of talent research start-up fund in Inner Mongolia Normal University","award":["2019YJRC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YJRC003"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61631011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61631011"]}]},{"name":"Science and technology planning project in Inner Mongolia","award":["201702116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201702116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, global warming and intense human activity have been responsible for significantly altering vegetation dynamics on the Mongolian Plateau. Understanding the long-term vegetation dynamics in this region is important to assess the impact of these changes on the local ecosystem. Long-term (1982\u20132015), satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets were used to analyse the spatio-temporal patterns of vegetation activities using linear regression and the breaks for additive season and trend methods. The links between these patterns and changes in temperature, precipitation (PRE), soil moisture (SM), and anthropogenic activity were determined using partial correlation analysis, the residual trends method, and a stepwise multiple regression model. The most significant results indicated that air temperature and potential evapotranspiration increased significantly, while the SM and PRE had markedly decreased over the past 34 years. The NDVI dataset included 71.16% of pixels showing an increase in temperature and evaporation during the growing season, particularly in eastern Mongolia and the southern border of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, China. The proportion indicating the breakpoint of vegetation dynamics was 71.34% of pixels, and the trend breakpoints mainly occurred in 1993, 2003, and 2010. The cumulative effects of PRE and SM in the middle period, coupled with the short-term effects of temperature and potential evapotranspiration, have had positive effects on vegetation greening. Anthropogenic factors appear to have positively impacted vegetation dynamics, as shown in 81.21% of pixels. We consider rapid economic growth, PRE, and SM to be the main driving factors in Inner Mongolia. PRE was the main climatic factor, and combined human and livestock populations were the primary anthropogenic factors influencing vegetation dynamics in Mongolia. This study is important in promoting the continued use of green projects to address environmental change in the Mongolian Plateau.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:54:49Z","timestamp":1613282089000},"page":"688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["NDVI Indicates Long-Term Dynamics of Vegetation and Its Driving Forces from Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors in Mongolian Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enliang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cailin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of National Land Space Planning and Disaster Emergency Management of Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naren","family":"Mandula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buren","family":"Jirigala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Disaster and Ecological Security on the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of National Land Space Planning and Disaster Emergency Management of Inner Mongolia, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhai","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-4746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"He","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.052","article-title":"Soil and climate differently impact NDVI patterns according to the season and the stand type","volume":"651","author":"Piedallu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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