{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:47:09Z","timestamp":1781005629317,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the block of high-rise objects and the influence of the sun\u2019s altitude and azimuth, shadows are inevitably formed in remote sensing images particularly in urban areas, which causes missing information in the shadow region. In this paper, we propose a new method for shadow detection and compensation through objected-based strategy. For shadow detection, the shadow was highlighted by an improved shadow index (ISI) combined color space with an NIR band, then ISI was reconstructed by the objects acquired from the mean-shift algorithm to weaken noise interference and improve integrity. Finally, threshold segmentation was applied to obtain the shadow mask. For shadow compensation, the objects from segmentation were treated as a minimum processing unit. The adjacent objects are likely to have the same ambient light intensity, based on which we put forward a shadow compensation method which always compensates shadow objects with their adjacent non-shadow objects. Furthermore, we presented a dynamic penumbra compensation method (DPCM) to define the penumbra scope and accurately remove the penumbra. Finally, the proposed methods were compared with the stated-of-art shadow indexes, shadow compensation method and penumbra compensation methods. The experiments show that the proposed method can accurately detect shadow from urban high-resolution remote sensing images with a complex background and can effectively compensate the information in the shadow region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T08:53:56Z","timestamp":1613292836000},"page":"699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Shadow Detection and Compensation from Remote Sensing Images under Complex Urban Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0583-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences &amp; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Zhuhai 519000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashed, T., and J\u00fcrgens, C. 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