{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:40:51Z","timestamp":1773798051635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project No. 291644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 291644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS) is an international partnership of research institutions studying the environment and climate in and around Svalbard. SIOS is developing an efficient observing system, where researchers share technology, experience, and data, work together to close knowledge gaps, and decrease the environmental footprint of science. SIOS maintains and facilitates various scientific activities such as the State of the Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report, international access to research infrastructure in Svalbard, Earth observation and remote sensing services, training courses for the Arctic science community, and open access to data. This perspective paper highlights the activities of SIOS Knowledge Centre, the central hub of SIOS, and the SIOS Remote Sensing Working Group (RSWG) in response to the unprecedented situation imposed by the global pandemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has affected Svalbard research in several ways. When Norway declared a nationwide lockdown to decrease the rate of spread of the COVID-19 in the community, even more strict measures were taken to protect the Svalbard community from the potential spread of the disease. Due to the lockdown, travel restrictions, and quarantine regulations declared by many nations, most physical meetings, training courses, conferences, and workshops worldwide were cancelled by the first week of March 2020. The resumption of physical scientific meetings is still uncertain in the foreseeable future. Additionally, field campaigns to polar regions, including Svalbard, were and remain severely affected. In response to this changing situation, SIOS initiated several operational activities suitable to mitigate the new challenges resulting from the pandemic. This article provides an extensive overview of SIOS\u2019s Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS) and other operational activities strengthened and developed in response to COVID-19 to support the Svalbard scientific community in times of cancelled\/postponed field campaigns in Svalbard. These include (1) an initiative to patch up field data (in situ) with RS observations, (2) a logistics sharing notice board for effective coordinating field activities in the pandemic times, (3) a monthly webinar series and panel discussion on EO talks, (4) an online conference on EO and RS, (5) the SIOS\u2019s special issue in the Remote Sensing (MDPI) journal, (6) the conversion of a terrestrial remote sensing training course into an online edition, and (7) the announcement of opportunity (AO) in airborne remote sensing for filling the data gaps using aerial imagery and hyperspectral data. As SIOS is a consortium of 24 research institutions from 9 nations, this paper also presents an extensive overview of the activities from a few research institutes in pandemic times and highlights our upcoming activities for the next year 2021. Finally, we provide a critical perspective on our overall response, possible broader impacts, relevance to other observing systems, and future directions. We hope that our practical services, experiences, and activities implemented in these difficult times will motivate other similar monitoring programs and observing systems when responding to future challenging situations. With a broad scientific audience in mind, we present our perspective paper on activities in Svalbard as a case study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T22:58:01Z","timestamp":1613429881000},"page":"712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["SIOS\u2019s Earth Observation (EO), Remote Sensing (RS), and Operational Activities in Response to COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shridhar D.","family":"Jawak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}]},{"given":"Bo N.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Veijo A.","family":"Pohjola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Geocentrum, Villav\u00e4gen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"God\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43, Blindern, 0371 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"H\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Ignatiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bedzinska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Holm\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, N-9296 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Agnar","family":"Sivertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Sykehusvn 21, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0577-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7273-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"T\u00f8mmervik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, 9296 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"K\u00e4\u00e4b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9702-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"B\u0142aszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bedzinska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Salzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Division, Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council (CNR-IIA), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Luks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"given":"Kjell Arild","family":"H\u00f8gda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Sykehusvn 21, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Rune","family":"Storvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Sykehusvn 21, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3826-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0430-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosamaria","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISP), 00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}]},{"given":"Kottekkatu Padinchati","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (ESSO-NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4003-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sourav","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (ESSO-NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India"}]},{"given":"Dag A.","family":"Lorentzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9207-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus","family":"Erlandsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, 9296 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Rune Lauknes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Sykehusvn 21, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Eirik","family":"Malnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Sykehusvn 21, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"given":"Stein Rune","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Center AS, Sykehusvn 21, 9019 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4120-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ann Mari","family":"Fj\u00e6raa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmosphere and Climate Department, NILU\u2014Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Geocentrum, Villav\u00e4gen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Marty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadall\u00e9en 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Knut Ove","family":"Nyg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43, Blindern, 0371 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Lihavainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, July 23). Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS). 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