{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T22:59:02Z","timestamp":1773442742262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2019YFC0214802, No.2017YFC0210002, No. 2016YFC0203302, 2018YFC0213201, 2019YFC0214702, 2016YFC0200404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2019YFC0214802, No.2017YFC0210002, No. 2016YFC0203302, 2018YFC0213201, 2019YFC0214702, 2016YFC0200404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.41775025, No. 41575021, No. 51778596, No. 91544212, No. 41722501, No. 51778596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.41775025, No. 41575021, No. 51778596, No. 91544212, No. 41722501, No. 51778596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sino-German Mobility programme","award":["M-0036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M-0036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote sensing of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride (HF) is challenging because it has weak absorption signatures in the atmosphere and is surrounded by strong absorption lines from interfering gases. In this study, we first present a multi-year time series of HF total columns over Hefei, China by using high-resolution ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Both near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) solar spectra suites, which are recorded following the requirements of Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), respectively, are used to retrieve total column of HF (THF) and column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of HF (XHF). The NIR and MIR observations are generally in good agreement with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.87, but the NIR observations are found to be (6.90 \u00b1 1.07 (1\u03c3)) pptv, which is lower than the MIR observations. By correcting this bias, the combination of NIR and MIR observations discloses that the XHF over Hefei showed a maximum monthly mean value of (64.05 \u00b1 3.93) pptv in March and a minimum monthly mean value of (45.15 \u00b1 2.93) pptv in September. The observed XHF time series from 2015 to 2020 showed a negative trend of (\u22120.38 \u00b1 0.22) % per year. The variability of XHF is inversely correlated with the tropopause height, indicating that the variability of tropopause height is a key factor that drives the seasonal cycle of HF in the stratosphere. This study can enhance the understanding of ground-based high-resolution remote sensing techniques for atmospheric HF and its evolution in the stratosphere and contribute to forming new reliable remote sensing data for research on climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13040791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T22:04:15Z","timestamp":1613945055000},"page":"791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) over Hefei, China with Ground-Based High-Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Youwen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Changgong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230022, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-6199-2008","article-title":"Validation of ACE-FTS v2.2 measurements of HCl, HF, CCl3F and CCl2F2 using space-, balloon- and ground-based instrument observations","volume":"8","author":"Mahieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. 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