{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:11:42Z","timestamp":1781309502394,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106774\tSALINITY CONTINUITY PROGRAM\t718296.02.01.01.02.VT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106774\tSALINITY CONTINUITY PROGRAM\t718296.02.01.01.02.VT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Arctic Ocean is one of the most important and challenging regions to observe\u2014it experiences the largest changes from climate warming, and at the same time is one of the most difficult to sample because of sea ice and extreme cold temperatures. Two NASA-sponsored deployments of the Saildrone vehicle provided a unique opportunity for validating sea-surface salinity (SSS) derived from three separate products that use data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite. To examine possible issues in resolving mesoscale-to-submesoscale variability, comparisons were also made with two versions of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) model (Carroll, D; Menmenlis, D; Zhang, H.). The results indicate that the three SMAP products resolve the runoff signal associated with the Yukon River, with high correlation between SMAP products and Saildrone SSS. Spectral slopes, overall, replicate the \u22122.0 slopes associated with mesoscale-submesoscale variability. Statistically significant spatial coherences exist for all products, with peaks close to 100 km. Based on these encouraging results, future research should focus on improving derivations of satellite-derived SSS in the Arctic Ocean and integrating model results to complement remote sensing observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13050831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T02:07:01Z","timestamp":1614132421000},"page":"831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Using Saildrones to Validate Arctic Sea-Surface Salinity from the SMAP Satellite and from Ocean Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Vazquez-Cuervo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelle","family":"Gentemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jos\u00e9 State University, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9940-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Menemenlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8528-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Gomez-Valdes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Oceanography Department, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education at Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marouan","family":"Bouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, University of Sao Paolo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers, L.A., Wilson, M.T., Duffy-Anderson, J.T., Kimmel, D.G., and Lamb, J.F. 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