{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:32:38Z","timestamp":1766377958836,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades of Spain.","award":["PGC2018-093854-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC2018-093854-B-I00"]}]},{"name":"Boosting Agricultural Insurance based on Earth Observation data - BEACON","award":["821964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821964"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rangeland degradation caused by increasing misuses remains a global concern. Rangelands have a remarkable spatiotemporal heterogeneity, making them suitable to be monitored with remote sensing. Among the remotely sensed vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is most used in ecology and agriculture. In this paper, we research the relationship of NDVI with temperature, precipitation, and Aridity Index (AI) in four different arid rangeland areas in Spain\u2019s southeast. We focus on the interphase variability, studying time series from 2002 to 2019 with regression analysis and lagged correlation at two different spatial resolutions (500 \u00d7 500 and 250 \u00d7 250 m2) to understand NDVI response to meteorological variables. Intraseasonal phases were defined based on NDVI patterns. Strong correlation with temperature was reported in phases with high precipitations. The correlation between NDVI and meteorological series showed a time lag effect depending on the area, phase, and variable observed. Differences were found between the two resolutions, showing a stronger relationship with the finer one. Land uses and management affected the NDVI dynamics heavily strongly linked to temperature and water availability. The relationship between AI and NDVI clustered the areas in two groups. The intraphases variability is a crucial aspect of NDVI dynamics, particularly in arid regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13050840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T02:36:13Z","timestamp":1614220573000},"page":"840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Temporal Responses to Temperature and Precipitation in Arid Rangelands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3884-5688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Sanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Saa-Requejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agron\u00f3mica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-8757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos H.","family":"D\u00edaz-Ambrona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgSystems, ETSI Agron\u00f3mica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0212-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Ruiz-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"AgSystems, ETSI Agron\u00f3mica, Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7987-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lisis Econ\u00f3mico y Finanzas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Econom\u00eda Agraria y Gesti\u00f3n de los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agron\u00f3mica Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"Esteve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Econom\u00eda Agraria y Gesti\u00f3n de los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agron\u00f3mica Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Econom\u00eda Agraria y Gesti\u00f3n de los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Agron\u00f3mica Alimentaria y Biosistemas, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2336-5371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Tarquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEIGRAM, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1890\/070062","article-title":"Putting people in the map: Anthropogenic biomes of the world","volume":"6","author":"Ellis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. 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