{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T13:52:10Z","timestamp":1781099530626,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","award":["GML2019ZD0602 and GML2019ZD0305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GML2019ZD0602 and GML2019ZD0305"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["41976172,41976170, 41576030, 41976181, 41776044, and 41776045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976172,41976170, 41576030, 41976181, 41776044, and 41776045"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou China","award":["201707020023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201707020023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The standing stock of phytoplankton carbon is a basic and essential property for understanding oceanic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and regional climates. However, current related algorithms mainly focus on remote-sensed application, which cannot describe the vertical profile of phytoplankton carbon throughout the whole euphotic zone. In this study, we modified a previous absorption-based bio-optical algorithm to acquire vertical variabilities of the total and size-partitioned phytoplankton carbon based on field data from the South China Sea (SCS). The mean absolute errors and the biases between estimated and field picophytoplankton carbon were &lt;2.14 and 0.6\u20132.0, respectively. The results showed that the vertical profile of total phytoplankton carbon displayed a Gaussian distribution in the stratified SCS basin. The picophytoplankton carbon was always the fundamental component of the total phytoplankton carbon within the whole euphotic zone. The dominant picophytoplankton species changed from Synechococcus-like cyanobacteria at the sea surface to pico-sized haptophytes at the phytoplankton carbon maximum layer. The strong covariation between total phytoplankton carbon and chlorophyll-a concentration suggested that they can be converted into each other through an accurate carbon-to-chlorophyll ratio in the open SCS. These results provide essential information that can be used to decipher the three-dimensional structure of total and size-partitioned phytoplankton carbon in the open SCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13050993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T11:46:09Z","timestamp":1614944769000},"page":"993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vertical Variability of Total and Size-Partitioned Phytoplankton Carbon in the South China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wendi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Lab of Ocean Remote Sensing, Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Lab of Ocean Remote Sensing, Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Lab of Ocean Remote Sensing, Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guifen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2566-2214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTO), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China"},{"name":"College of Oceanography, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Ocean Science: The power of plankton","volume":"483","author":"Falkowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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