{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:09:37Z","timestamp":1768691377663,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3-14559, 3-15605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3-14559, 3-15605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture Israel","award":["20-21-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-21-0006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crop monitoring throughout the growing season is key for optimized agricultural production. Satellite remote sensing is a useful tool for estimating crop variables, yet continuous high spatial resolution earth observations are often interrupted by clouds. This paper demonstrates overcoming this limitation by combining observations from two public-domain spaceborne optical sensors. Ground measurements were conducted in the Hula Valley, Israel, over four growing seasons to monitor the development of processing tomato. These measurements included continuous water consumption measurements using an eddy-covariance tower from which the crop coefficient (Kc) was calculated and measurements of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and crop height. Satellite imagery acquired by Sentinel-2 and VEN\u00b5S was used to derive vegetation indices and model Kc, LAI, and crop height. The conjoint use of Sentinel-2 and VEN\u00b5S imagery facilitated accurate estimation of Kc (R2 = 0.82, RMSE = 0.09), LAI (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 1.2), and crop height (R2 = 0.81, RMSE = 7 cm). Additionally, our empirical models for LAI estimation were found to perform better than the SNAP biophysical processor (R2 = 0.53, RMSE = 2.3). Accordingly, Sentinel-2 and VEN\u00b5S imagery was demonstrated to be a viable tool for agricultural monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T20:51:42Z","timestamp":1615409502000},"page":"1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Estimating Processing Tomato Water Consumption, Leaf Area Index, and Height Using Sentinel-2 and VEN\u00b5S Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7873-5619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregoriy","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7628604, Israel"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Lukyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. S.","family":"Manivasagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"},{"name":"Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, J. P. Nagar, Arasampalayam, Myleripalayam, Coimbatore 642 109, India"}]},{"given":"Nitzan","family":"Malachy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Tanny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"},{"name":"HIT\u2013Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810001, Israel"}]},{"given":"Offer","family":"Rozenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116322","article-title":"Reducing salinity of treated waste water with large scale desalination","volume":"186","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0909:WRAAEI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Water resources: Agricultural and environmental issues","volume":"54","author":"Pimentel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"D05109","article-title":"Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements-FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56","volume":"300","author":"Allen","year":"1998","journal-title":"FAO Rome"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106466","article-title":"Standard single and basal crop coefficients for field crops. 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