{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:27:19Z","timestamp":1790699239633,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate a remote sensing-based approach to allow estimation of the temporal and spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirements over irrigated areas in semi-arid regions. The method is based on the daily step FAO-56 Soil Water Balance model combined with a time series of basal crop coefficients and the fractional vegetation cover derived from high-resolution satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery. The model was first calibrated and validated at plot scale using ET measured by eddy-covariance systems over wheat fields and olive orchards representing the main crops grown in the study area of the Haouz plain (central Morocco). The results showed that the model provided good estimates of ET for wheat and olive trees with a root mean square error (RMSE) of about 0.56 and 0.54 mm\/day respectively. The model was then used to compare remotely sensed estimates of irrigation requirements (RS-IWR) and irrigation water supplied (WS) at plot scale over an irrigation district in the Haouz plain through three growing seasons. The comparison indicated a large spatio-temporal variability in irrigation water demands and supplies; the median values of WS and RS-IWR were 130 (175), 117 (175) and 118 (112) mm respectively in the 2002\u20132003, 2005\u20132006 and 2008\u20132009 seasons. This could be attributed to inadequate irrigation supply and\/or to farmers\u2019 socio-economic considerations and management practices. The findings demonstrate the potential for irrigation managers to use remote sensing-based models to monitor irrigation water usage for efficient and sustainable use of water resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T21:42:41Z","timestamp":1615930961000},"page":"1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Assessing Irrigation Water Use with Remote Sensing-Based Soil Water Balance at an Irrigation Scheme Level in a Semi-Arid Region of Morocco"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Hakim","family":"Kharrou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Simonneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re (CESBIO), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNES\/CNRS\/INRAE\/IRD\/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"LMFE, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8595-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah","family":"Er-Raki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProcEDE, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"},{"name":"Center for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Le Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re (CESBIO), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNES\/CNRS\/INRAE\/IRD\/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00efd","family":"Khabba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMFE, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco"},{"name":"Center for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelghani","family":"Chehbouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Water Research Institute (IWRI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Etudes Spatiales de la Biosph\u00e8re (CESBIO), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNES\/CNRS\/INRAE\/IRD\/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Center for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2020, November 03). 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