{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1775454772143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFC1509203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1509203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19010403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19010403"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19040201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19040201"]}]},{"name":"TUOHAI special project 2020 from Bohai Rim Energy Research Institute of Northeast Petroleum University","award":["HBHZX202002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBHZX202002"]}]},{"name":"the project of Excellent and Middle-aged Scientific Research Innovation Team of Northeast Petroleum University","award":["KYCXTD201903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCXTD201903"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite is a spaceborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The study aims to retrieve carbon dioxide (CO2) information (the CO2 profile and column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of XCO2) from June 2018 to December 2019 based on the The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System (NUCAPS) Cloud-Cleared Radiances (CCRs) via the CrIS. The CCRs products for the CrIS with 2223 channels have been available since 22 May 2018. Characteristics of the CO2 weighting functions inform the choice of multiple channels that are around 15 \u03bcm in size that differ by latitude and season to maximize retrieval sensitivity to CO2 and minimize sensitivity to other interfering atmospheric parameters. CO2 was retrieved from these channels using an adopted nonlinear optimization algorithm. The temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles used in the inversion process were gathered from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5). Validations of CO2 concentrations as retrieved from CrIS showed the following conclusions: (1) The relative error of the retrieved CO2 concentrations, as compared to Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) in situ aircraft measurements, was less than 0.5%, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were less than 0.7 ppmv (with correlation coefficients of 0.56\u20130.86); (2) the retrieved XCO2 from June 2018 to December 2019 correlated well with the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations, and the differences were within \u00b10.2 ppmv. Further analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of the retrieved CO2 at 300 hPa demonstrated a strong seasonal variation of CO2 in 0\u201360\u00b0 N in the Northern Hemisphere with the maximum values in June\u2013August and larger amplitudes of seasonal variation in the northeast of Asia and northeastern part of North America. The variations likely occurred due to larger sinks of atmospheric CO2 that are dominated by CO2 uptake in the summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the CO2 displayed high concentration anomalies in the latitudinal range of 30\u201360\u00b0 S in September\u2013November and December\u2013February, which probably occurred due to the lofted smoke plumes from the strong fire seasons in South America and Southern Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T22:19:36Z","timestamp":1616105976000},"page":"1163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrieval of Carbon Dioxide Using Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on S-NPP"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1242-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangfu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingmin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongfu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhibao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14851","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-14851-2018","article-title":"Seasonal evaluation of tropospheric CO2 over the Asia-Pacific region observed by the CONTRAIL commercial airliner measurements","volume":"18","author":"Umezawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. 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