{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:12:50Z","timestamp":1773976370045,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Cooperation and Exchange of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31761143018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31761143018"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA20050103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20050103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is one of the most ecologically vulnerable regions in the world. Several studies have been conducted on the dynamic changes of grassland in the HKH region, but few have considered grassland net ecosystem productivity (NEP). In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of NEP magnitude and the influence of climate factors on the HKH region from 2001 to 2018. The NEP magnitude was obtained by calculating the difference between the net primary production (NPP) estimated by the Carnegie\u2013Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model and the heterotrophic respiration (Rh) estimated by the geostatistical model. The results showed that the grassland ecosystem in the HKH region exhibited weak net carbon uptake with NEP values of 42.03 gC\u2219m\u22122\u2219yr\u22121, and the total net carbon sequestration was 0.077 Pg C. The distribution of NEP gradually increased from west to east, and in the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau, it gradually increased from northwest to southeast. The grassland carbon sources and sinks differed at different altitudes. The grassland was a carbon sink at 3000\u20135000 m, while grasslands below 3000 m and above 5000 m were carbon sources. Grassland NEP exhibited the strongest correlation with precipitation, and it had a lagging effect on precipitation. The correlation between NEP and the precipitation of the previous year was stronger than that of the current year. NEP was negatively correlated with temperature but not with solar radiation. The study of the temporal and spatial dynamics of NEP in the HKH region can provide a theoretical basis to help herders balance grazing and forage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Large-Scale Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes of Net Ecosystem Production in Hindu Kush Himalayan Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"given":"Ronghai","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"given":"Yazhen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Shuohao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-010-9398-2","article-title":"Six-year Stable Annual Uptake of Carbon Dioxide in Intensively Managed Humid Temperate Grassland","volume":"14","author":"Peichl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.01.008","article-title":"The effects of drought and timing of precipitation on the inter-annual variation in ecosystem-atmosphere exchange in a Mediterranean grassland","volume":"151","author":"Jongen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. 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