{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T16:45:12Z","timestamp":1774889112326,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant 2019YFC1509202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 2019YFC1509202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Program of National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41930108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41930108"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JZ2020HGQA0139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2020HGQA0139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have shown that thermal infrared radiation (TIR) anomalies occur in the vicinity of fractures that form when a rock is loaded to failure. Different types of fracturing modes correspond to different TIR anomaly trends. However, the spectral features and the mechanisms responsible for the TIR changes in the fracturing stage remain poorly understood. In this paper, experiments involving observations of the thermal infrared spectrum (8.0\u201313.0 \u03bcm) of loaded sandstone during the fracturing stage were conducted under outdoor conditions. The experiment yielded the following results: (1) Different fracturing modes can lead to different trends in the spectral radiance variation; (2) when an extensional fissure appeared on the rock surface, the radiance increased with a local peak in the 8.0\u20139.7 \u03bcm range; (3) when local bulging formed at the surface, the radiance decreased, with a local valley in the 8.0\u20139.7 \u03bcm range. The radiance variation caused by morphologic changes is the combined result of changes in both the temperature and the emissivity. The characteristic waveband corresponding to the reststrahlen features (RF) of quartz was mainly related to the emissivity change. This study provides a preliminary experimental foundation for the detection of crustal surface fractures via satellite-based remote sensing technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13061191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"1191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Experimental Study on the Thermal Infrared Spectral Variation of Fractured Rock"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0207-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resource and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunju","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuiping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1029\/JB082i020p02905","article-title":"Active faulting and tectonics in China","volume":"82","author":"Caponier","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. 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