{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T21:40:45Z","timestamp":1764020445038,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC1502701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC1502701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a comprehensive assessment on precipitation estimation from the latest Version 06 release of the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) algorithm is conducted by using 24 rain gauge observations at daily scale from 2001 to 2016. The IMERG V06 dataset fuses Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite data (2000\u20132015) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite data (2014\u2013present), enabling the use of IMERG data for long-term study. Correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), relative bias (RB), probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI) were used to assess the accuracy of satellite-derived precipitation estimation and measure the correspondence between satellite-derived and observed occurrence of precipitation events. The probability density distributions of precipitation intensity and influence of elevation on precipitation estimation were also examined. Results showed that, with high CC and low RMSE and RB, the IMERG Final Run product (IMERG-F) performs better than two other IMERG products at daily, monthly, and yearly scales. At daily scale, the ability of satellite products to detect general precipitation is clearly superior to the ability to detect heavy and extreme precipitation. In addition, CC and RMSE of IMERG products are high in Southeastern Jinan City, while RMSE is relatively low in Southwestern Jinan City. Considering the fact that the IMERG estimation of extreme precipitation indices showed an acceptable level of accuracy, IMERG products can be used to derive extreme precipitation indices in areas without gauged data. At all elevations, IMERG-F exhibits a better performance than the other two IMERG products. However, POD and FAR decrease and CSI increase with the increase of elevation, indicating the need for improvement. This study will provide valuable information for the application of IMERG products at the scale of a large city.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T21:36:51Z","timestamp":1616621811000},"page":"1241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Assessment on IMERG V06 Precipitation Products Using Rain Gauge Data in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Zongxue","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Chenlei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Meifang","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Sulin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Hydrology Bureau, Jinan 250014, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09763","article-title":"Human contribution to more-intense precipitation extremes","volume":"470","author":"Min","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.03.020","article-title":"Annual and seasonal streamflow responses to climate and land-cover changes in the Poyang Lake basin, China","volume":"355","author":"Guo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.12.025","article-title":"Trends in seasonal precipitation extremes\u2014An indicator of \u2019climate change\u2019 in Kerala, India","volume":"367","author":"Pal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.06.046","article-title":"Impacts of climatic change on water and associated economic activities in the Swiss Alps","volume":"412","author":"Beniston","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.03.017","article-title":"Evaluation of the gridded CRU TS precipitation dataset with the point raingauge records over the Three-River Headwaters Region","volume":"548","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.07.023","article-title":"Multi-scale evaluation of high-resolution multi-sensor blended global precipitation products over the Yangtze River","volume":"500","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-13-00215.1","article-title":"Evaluation of Global Monsoon Precipitation Changes based on Five Reanalysis Datasets","volume":"27","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Climate"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sokol, Z., Szturc, J., Orellana-Alvear, J., Popov\u00e1, J., Jurczyk, A., and C\u00e9lleri, R. (2021). The role of weather radar in rainfall estimation and its application in meteorological and hydrological modelling\u2014A Review. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030351"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Chen, Y.Y., Zhou, X., Yang, K., Li, X., Niu, X.L., Hu, X., and Khadka, N. (2020). Evaluation of GPM-Era Satellite Precipitation Products on the Southern Slopes of the Central Himalayas Against Rain Gauge Data. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12111836"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-015-1598-4","article-title":"Comprehensive precipitation evaluation of TRMM 3B42 with dense rain gauge networks in a mid-latitude basin, northeast, China","volume":"126","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelmoneim, H., Soliman, M.R., and Moghazy, H.M. (2020). Evaluation of TRMM 3B42V7 and CHIRPS Satellite Precipitation Products as an Input for Hydrological Model over Eastern Nile Basin. Earth Syst. Environ., 4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s41748-020-00185-3"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, M.L., and Duan, Z. (2017). Assessment of GPM and TRMM Precipitation Products over Singapore. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9070720"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.11.017","article-title":"Evaluation of high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates over southern South America using a dense rain gauge network","volume":"163","author":"Salio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.12.007","article-title":"Evaluation of topographical and seasonal feature using GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42 over Far-East Asia","volume":"187","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JHM1139.1","article-title":"PERSIANN-MSA: A Precipitation Estimation Method from Satellite-Based Multispectral Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Behrangi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ba, K.M., Balcazar, L., Diaz, V., Ortiz, F., Gomez-Albores, M.A., and Diaz-Delgado, C. (2018). Hydrological Evaluation of PERSIANN-CDR Rainfall over Upper Senegal River and Bani River Basins. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121884"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, H., Bao, A.M., Liu, T., Chen, S., and Ndayisaba, F. (2016). Evaluation of PERSIANN-CDR for Meteorological Drought Monitoring over China. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8050379"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1175\/1525-7541(2004)005<0487:CAMTPG>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"CMORPH: A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution","volume":"5","author":"Joyce","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsumaiti, T.S., Hussein, K., Ghebreyesus, D.T., and Sharif, H.O. (2020). Performance of the CMORPH and GPM IMERG Products over the United Arab Emirates. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091426"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, G.H., Lue, H.S., Crow, W.T., Zhu, Y.H., Wang, J.Q., and Su, J.B. (2018). Evaluation of Satellite-Based Precipitation Products from IMERG V04A and V03D, CMORPH and TMPA with Gauged Rainfall in Three Climatologic Zones in China. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10010030"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JHM1190.1","article-title":"Evaluation of GSMaP Precipitation Estimates over the Contiguous United States","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.07.024","article-title":"Implementation of an orographic\/nonorographic rainfall classification scheme in the GSMaP algorithm for microwave radiometers","volume":"163","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.4446","article-title":"Assessment of TRMM-based TMPA-3B42 and GSMaP precipitation products over India for the peak southwest monsoon season","volume":"36","author":"Prakash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapiador, F.J., Marcos, C., and Sancho, J.M. (2019). The convective rainfall rate from cloud physical properties algorithm for Meteosat Second-Generation satellites: Microphysical basis and intercomparisons using an object-based method. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201901.0048.v1"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6559","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-21-6559-2017","article-title":"Evaluation of GPM IMERG Early, Late, and Final rainfall estimates using WegenerNet gauge data in southeastern Austria","volume":"21","author":"Sungmin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, D.K., and Yong, B. (2018). Evaluation and Hydrological Utility of the Latest GPM IMERG V5 and GSMaP V7 Precipitation Products over the Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10122022"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.06.064","article-title":"Global intercomparison and regional evaluation of GPM IMERG Version-03, Version-04 and its latest Version-05 precipitation products: Similarity, difference and improvements","volume":"564","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.124189","article-title":"Evaluation of remotely sensed precipitation estimates using PERSIANN-CDR and MSWEP for spatio-temporal drought assessment over Iran","volume":"579","author":"Alijanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2016.01.014","article-title":"Evaluation of TRMM satellite-based precipitation indexes for flood forecasting over Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia","volume":"541","author":"Tekeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.11.011","article-title":"Accuracy of the CMORPH satellite-rainfall product over Lake Tana Basin in Eastern Africa","volume":"163","author":"Haile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2020.07.036","article-title":"Evaluation of the TRMM 3B42 product for extreme precipitation analysis over southwestern Iran","volume":"66","author":"Kiany","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.05.030","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term trends in extreme precipitation: Implications of in-filled historical data use for analysis","volume":"550","author":"Teegavarapu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Chen, Q.W., Duan, Z., Zhang, J.Y., Mo, K.L., Li, Z., and Tang, G.Q. (2018). Multiscale Comparative Evaluation of the GPM IMERG v5 and TRMM 3B42 v7 Precipitation Products from 2015 to 2017 over a Climate Transition Area of China. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060944"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.03.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the TRMM 3B42 and GPM IMERG products for extreme precipitation analysis over China","volume":"223","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-15-0207.1","article-title":"Understanding Overland Multisensor Satellite Precipitation Error in TMPA-RT Products","volume":"18","author":"Gebregiorgis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, F.R., and Li, X. (2016). Evaluation of IMERG and TRMM 3B43 Monthly Precipitation Products over Mainland China. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8060472"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y.F., Zhang, Z.X., Huang, Y.H., Jin, Q., Chen, X., and Chang, J. (2019). Evaluation of the GPM IMERG v5 and TRMM 3B42 v7 Precipitation Products in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Water, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/w11071459"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2018.12.011","article-title":"Similarities and improvements of GPM IMERG upon TRMM 3B42 precipitation product under complex topographic and climatic conditions over Hexi region, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau","volume":"218","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-15-0068.1","article-title":"Comparison of Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Monthly Precipitation Products: Initial Results","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, F.L., Guo, B., Ye, B., Ye, Q., Chen, H.N., Ju, X.H., Guo, J.Y., and Wang, Z.L. (2019). Systematical Evaluation of GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42V7 Precipitation Products in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11060697"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yong, B., Ren, L.L., Hong, Y., Wang, J.H., Gourley, J.J., Jiang, S.H., Chen, X., and Wang, W. (2010). Hydrologic evaluation of Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis standard precipitation products in basins beyond its inclined latitude band: A case study in Laohahe basin, China. Water Resour. Res., 46.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009WR008965"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi, E., Steinacker, R., and Saghafian, B. (2016). Assessment of GPM-IMERG and Other Precipitation Products against Gauge Data under Different Topographic and Climatic Conditions in Iran: Preliminary Results. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020135"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.105101","article-title":"Evaluation of GPM IMERG precipitation products with the point rain gauge records over Sichuan, China","volume":"246","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, M.F., Xu, Z.X., Pang, B., Liu, W.F., Liu, J.T., Du, L.G., and Wang, R. (2018). Assessment of Satellite-Derived Precipitation Products for the Beijing Region. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10121914"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.053","article-title":"Effect of ambient temperature and its effect modifiers on bacillary dysentery in Jinan, China","volume":"650","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2166\/wcc.2017.029","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variations of precipitation during 1979-2015 in Jinan City, China","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Water Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.2020.176","article-title":"Impact of urbanization on variability of annual and flood season precipitation in a typical city of North China","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.04.017","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of different satellite rainfall estimation products and bias correction in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) basin","volume":"178","author":"Abera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.02.006","article-title":"Changes in precipitation extremes in the Beijing metropolitan area during 1960\u20132012","volume":"222","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2015.09.001","article-title":"Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation events in the Loess Plateau (China) during 1960\u20132013 under global warming","volume":"168","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.104879","article-title":"Evaluation of extreme rainfall indices from CHIRPS precipitation estimates over the Brazilian Amazonia","volume":"238","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.03.025","article-title":"Long-term trends and extremes in observed daily precipitation and near surface air temperature in the Philippines for the period 1951\u20132010","volume":"145","author":"Cinco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.104952","article-title":"Spatio-temporal accuracy evaluation of three high-resolution satellite precipitation products in China area","volume":"241","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125117","article-title":"Statistical and qualitative evaluation of multi-sources for hydrological suitability inflood-prone areas of Pakistan","volume":"588","author":"Abro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7585","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2020.1763504","article-title":"Performance of precipitation products obtained from combinations of satellite and surface observations","volume":"41","author":"Rozante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.105132","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of latest GPM era IMERG and GSMaP precipitation products over mainland China","volume":"246","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-12-030.1","article-title":"Comparison of TRMM 2A25 Products, Version 6 and Version 7, with NOAA\/NSSL Ground Radar-Based National Mosaic QPE","volume":"14","author":"Kirstetter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-020-03320-2","article-title":"Localized linear regression methods for estimating monthly precipitation grids using elevation, rain gauge, and TRMM data","volume":"142","author":"Taheri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.01.021","article-title":"Statistical downscaling of daily precipitation using support vector machines and multivariate analysis","volume":"385","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.06.009","article-title":"A statistical spatial downscaling algorithm of TRMM precipitation based on NDVI and DEM in the Qaidam Basin of China","volume":"115","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.02.024","article-title":"A new satellite-based monthly precipitation downscaling algorithm with non-stationary relationship between precipitation and land surface characteristics","volume":"162","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.105202","article-title":"High-resolution spatial analysis of the variability in the subdaily rainfall time structure","volume":"248","author":"Kaspar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y.D., Peters-Lidard, C.D., Eylander, J.B., Joyce, R.J., Huffman, G.J., Adler, R.F., Hsu, K.L., Turk, F.J., Garcia, M., and Zeng, J. (2009). Component analysis of errors in satellite-based precipitation estimates. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 114.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD011949"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/7\/1241\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:40:35Z","timestamp":1760161235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/7\/1241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13071241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13071241","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]}}}