{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T05:18:01Z","timestamp":1772860681048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to spatially characterize runoff generation and forest health depends partly on the accuracy and resolution of evapotranspiration (ET) simulated by numerical models. A possible strategy to increase the accuracy and resolution of numerically modeled ET is the use of remotely sensed ET products as an observational basis for parameter estimation (model calibration) of those numerical models. However, the extent to which that calibration strategy leads to a realistic representation of ET, relative to ground conditions, is not well understood. We examined this by comparing the spatiotemporal accuracy of ET from a remote sensing product, MODIS MOD16A2, to that from a watershed model (SWAT) calibrated to flow measured at an outlet streamgage. We examined this in the upper Kings River watershed (3999 km2) of California\u2019s Sierra Nevada, a snow-influenced watershed in a Mediterranean climate. We assessed ET accuracies against observations from three eddy-covariance flux towers at elevations of 1160\u20132700 m. The accuracy of ET from the stream-calibrated watershed model surpassed that of MODIS in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (+0.36 versus \u22120.43) and error in elevational trend (+7.7% versus +81%). These results indicate that for this particular experiment, an outlet streamgage would provide a more effective observational basis than remotely sensed ET product for watershed-model parameter estimation. Based on analysis of ET-weather relationships, the relatively large errors we found in MODIS ET may be related to weather-based corrections to water limitation not representative of the hydrology of this snow-influenced, Mediterranean-climate area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T06:59:42Z","timestamp":1616741982000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Analyzing the Suitability of Remotely Sensed ET for Calibrating a Watershed Model of a Mediterranean Montane Forest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering and Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering and Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8428-5984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"},{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7630","DOI":"10.1002\/2017WR020843","article-title":"Climatic and Physiographic Controls of Spatial Variability in Surface Water Balance over the Contiguous United States Using the Budyko Relationship","volume":"53","author":"Abatzoglou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-018-1984-7","article-title":"Budyko\u2019s Based Method for Annual Runoff Characterization across Different Climatic Areas: An Application to United States","volume":"32","author":"Caracciolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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