{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:23:50Z","timestamp":1762608230370,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41927804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41927804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A total of 3047 individual shallow cumuli were identified from 9 years of polarization lidar measurements (2011\u20132019) at Wuhan, China (30.5\u00b0N, 114.4\u00b0E). These fair-weather shallow cumuli occurred at the top edge of the convective boundary layer between April and October with the maximum occurrence in July over the 30\u00b0N plain site. They persisted mostly (&gt;92%) for a short period of ~1\u201310 min and had a geometrical thickness of ~50\u2013600 m (a mean of 209 \u00b1 138 m). The majority (&gt;94%) of the cloud bases of these cumuli were found to appear ~50\u2013560 m (a mean of 308 \u00b1 254 m) above the lifting condensation level (LCL). In this height range from the LCL to the cloud base, the lidar volume depolarization ratio (\u03b4\u03b4V) slightly decreased with increasing height, showing gradually increasing condensation in this sub-cloud region due to penetrative thermals. Most of the observed shallow cumuli (79%) formed under the conditions of high near-surface air temperature (&gt;30 \u00b0C) and water vapor mixing ratio (&gt;15 g kg\u22121).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1616974045000},"page":"1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Convective Boundary Layer Clouds as Observed with Ground-Based Lidar at a Mid-Latitude Plain Site"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2308-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stull, R.B. 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