{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:40:34Z","timestamp":1760402434075,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant No. XDA17010201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. XDA17010201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41922031 and 41774188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41922031 and 41774188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018805","name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant No. IGGCAS-201904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant No. IGGCAS-201904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The balloon-borne Planetary Atmosphere Spectroscopic Telescope (PAST), China\u2019s first planetary optical remote-sensing project, will be launched for testing and conducting scientific flights during 2021 and 2022. Images of the planetary atmosphere and plasma in ultraviolet and visible wavelengths will be used to investigate the diversity of the planetary space environment in the solar system and their different drivers. Because simultaneous observation of multiple target planets in the solar system is possible, effective observation scheduling is critical to acquire high scientific merit spectroscopic imaging data. Herein, we demonstrate an automatic scheduling tool (AST) to aid the planning of observation schedules. The AST is primarily based on a planetary ephemeris and is realized on the basis of the geometrical information and optical requirements of the telescope. The temporal variations of the planetary reference frames can also be obtained to assist in the positioning and data processing of the telescope. As a part of the Chinese deep-space exploration plan, several ground-based planetary optical telescopes will be constructed in China in the future. With the use of the proposed AST, such telescopes can achieve maximum efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T23:27:25Z","timestamp":1616974045000},"page":"1291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automatic Scheduling Tool for Balloon-Borne Planetary Optical Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9505-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Lenghu Observatory of Planetary Science, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0542-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Lenghu Observatory of Planetary Science, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Lenghu Observatory of Planetary Science, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4609-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaojin","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Lenghu Observatory of Planetary Science, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Lenghu Observatory of Planetary Science, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1360\/TB-2019-0804","article-title":"Remote sensing of planetary space environment","volume":"65","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1360\/TB-2019-0808","article-title":"Construction of Planetary Science as a first-level scientific discipline: Exploration and practice of Scientific Experiment System in Near Space (SENSE) Program","volume":"65","author":"Yong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1468","article-title":"NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues","volume":"107","author":"Picone","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"111","article-title":"A survey on the dynamic scheduling problem in astronomical observations","volume":"Volume 331","author":"Bramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Fox, M., and Zweben, M. (1994). Spike: Intelligent scheduling of Hubble space telescope observations. Intelligent Scheduling, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"3","article-title":"The southern limit of the ancient star catalog and the commentary of Hipparchos","volume":"12","author":"Pickering","year":"2002","journal-title":"DIO Int. J. Sci. Hist."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.33.001108","article-title":"Air mass and refraction","volume":"33","author":"Young","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1086\/110366","article-title":"Multicolor Photoelectric Photometry of Brighter Planets. I. Program and Procedure","volume":"72","author":"Young","year":"1967","journal-title":"Astron. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-0633(95)00107-7","article-title":"Ancillary Data Services of NASA\u2019s Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility","volume":"44","author":"Acton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2017.02.013","article-title":"A look toward the future in the handling of space science mission geometry","volume":"150","author":"Acton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Folkner, W.M., Williams, J.G., Boggs, D.H., Park, R.S., and Kuchynka, P. (2021, March 08). The Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides DE430 and DE431. IPN Progress Report, Available online: http:\/\/ipnpr.jpl.nasa.gov\/progress_report\/42-196\/196C.pdf."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/7\/1291\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:33:03Z","timestamp":1760362383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/7\/1291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13071291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13071291","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]}}}