{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:01:09Z","timestamp":1776096069727,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The comparison between crustal stress and surface strain azimuthal patterns has provided new insights into several complex tectonic settings worldwide. Here, we performed such a comparison for Egypt taking into account updated datasets of seismological and geodetic observations. In north-eastern Egypt, the stress field shows a fan-shaped azimuthal pattern with a WNW\u2013ESE orientation on the Cairo region, which progressively rotated to NW\u2013SE along the Gulf of Aqaba. The stress field shows a prevailing normal faulting regime, however, along the Sinai\/Arabia plate boundary it coexists with a strike\u2013slip faulting one (\u03c31 \u2245 \u03c32 &gt; \u03c33), while on the Gulf of Suez, it is characterized by crustal extension occurring on near-orthogonal directions (\u03c31 &gt; \u03c32 \u2245 \u03c33). On the Nile Delta, the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) pattern shows scattered orientations, while on the Aswan region, it has a WNW\u2013ESE strike with pure strike\u2013slip features. The strain-rate field shows the largest values along the Red Sea and the Sinai\/Arabia plate boundary. Crustal stretching (up to 40 nanostrain\/yr) occurs on these areas with WSW\u2013ENE and NE\u2013SW orientations, while crustal contraction occurs on northern Nile Delta (10 nanostrain\/yr) and offshore (~35 nanostrain\/yr) with E\u2013W and N\u2013S orientations, respectively. The comparison between stress and strain orientations over the investigated area reveals that both patterns are near-parallel and driven by the same large-scale tectonic processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1617623309000},"page":"1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Crustal Strain and Stress Fields in Egypt from Geodetic and Seismological Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Rashwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-7450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashad","family":"Sawires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5230-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali M.","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), 11421 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7851-9545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Sparacino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, I-95125 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-4147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimmo","family":"Palano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo, I-95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Moores, E.M., and Fairbridge, R.W. 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