{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:57:19Z","timestamp":1768013839221,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we analyze the influence of the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on 11 March 2011, on the shoreline of the northern Ibaraki Coast. After the earthquake, the area experienced subsidence of approximately 0.4 m. Shoreline changes at eight sandy beaches along the coast are estimated using various satellite images, including the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), ALOS AVNIR-2 (Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Advanced Visible and Near-infrared Radiometer type 2), and Sentinel-2 (a multispectral sensor). Before the earthquake (for the period March 2001\u2013January 2011), even though fluctuations in the shoreline position were observed, shorelines were quite stable, with the averaged change rates in the range of \u00b11.5 m\/year. The shoreline suddenly retreated due to the earthquake by 20\u201340 m. Generally, the amount of retreat shows a strong correlation with the amount of land subsidence caused by the earthquake, and a moderate correlation with tsunami run-up height. The ground started to uplift gradually after the sudden subsidence, and shoreline positions advanced accordingly. The recovery speed of the beaches varied from +2.6 m\/year to +6.6 m\/year, depending on the beach conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13071399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1617623309000},"page":"1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Shoreline Changes along Northern Ibaraki Coast after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Quang","family":"Nguyen Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058573, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0175-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Takewaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058573, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, H., Tinh, N.X., Umeda, M., Hirao, R., Pradjoko, E., Mano, A., and Udo, K. (2012). Coastal and Estuarine Morphology Changes Induced by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami. Coast. Eng. J., 54.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0578563412500106"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Udo, K., Tojo, K., Takeda, Y., Tanaka, H., and Mano, A. (2016). Characteristics of shoreline retreat due to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami and its recovery after three years. Tsunamis and Earthquakes in Coastal Environments, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28528-3_8"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.2112\/SI75-251.1","article-title":"Characteristics of Beach Erosion due to the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami and Its Recovery across the Entire Inundated Area","volume":"75","author":"Tojo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori, N., and Takahashi, T. (2012). 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J., 58.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0578563416400167"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/7\/1399\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:11:19Z","timestamp":1760364679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/7\/1399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13071399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13071399","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]}}}