{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:24Z","timestamp":1772253024780,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sea-level rise is a problem increasingly affecting coastal areas worldwide. The existence of free and open-source models to estimate the sea-level impact can contribute to improve coastal management. This study aims to develop and validate two different models to predict the sea-level rise impact supported by Google Earth Engine (GEE)\u2014a cloud-based platform for planetary-scale environmental data analysis. The first model is a Bathtub Model based on the uncertainty of projections of the sea-level rise impact module of TerrSet\u2014Geospatial Monitoring and Modeling System software. The validation process performed in the Rio Grande do Sul coastal plain (S Brazil) resulted in correlations from 0.75 to 1.00. The second model uses the Bruun rule formula implemented in GEE and can determine the coastline retreat of a profile by creatting a simple vector line from topo-bathymetric data. The model shows a very high correlation (0.97) with a classical Bruun rule study performed in the Aveiro coast (NW Portugal). Therefore, the achieved results disclose that the GEE platform is suitable to perform these analysis. The models developed have been openly shared, enabling the continuous improvement of the code by the scientific community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T11:31:59Z","timestamp":1617795119000},"page":"1424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of Tools for Coastal Management in Google Earth Engine: Uncertainty Bathtub Model and Bruun Rule"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Terres de Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Francisco","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodioversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Magalh\u00e3es Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2105-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150349","article-title":"Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values","volume":"319","author":"Barbier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2014.11.011","article-title":"Global values of coastal ecosystem services: A spatial economic analysis of shoreline protection values","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosyst. 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