{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:06:33Z","timestamp":1776377193624,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000913","name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220020434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220020434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AR0000886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AR0000886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe an \u201cUrban Observatory\u201d facility designed for the study of complex urban systems via persistent, synoptic, and granular imaging of dynamical processes in cities. An initial deployment of the facility has been demonstrated in New York City and consists of a suite of imaging systems\u2014both broadband and hyperspectral\u2014sensitive to wavelengths from the visible (\u223c400 nm) to the infrared (\u223c13 micron) operating at cadences of \u223c0.01\u201330 Hz (characteristically \u223c0.1 Hz). Much like an astronomical survey, the facility generates a large imaging catalog from which we have extracted observables (e.g., time-dependent brightnesses, spectra, temperatures, chemical species, etc.), collecting them in a parallel source catalog. We have demonstrated that, in addition to the urban science of cities as systems, these data are applicable to a myriad of domain-specific scientific inquiries related to urban functioning including energy consumption and end use, environmental impacts of cities, and patterns of life and public health. We show that an Urban Observatory facility of this type has the potential to improve both a city\u2019s operations and the quality of life of its inhabitants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T11:31:59Z","timestamp":1617795119000},"page":"1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Urban Observatory: A Multi-Modal Imaging Platform for the Study of Dynamics in Complex Urban Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9276-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Dobler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biden School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"},{"name":"Data Science Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA"},{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"}]},{"given":"Federica B.","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biden School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"},{"name":"Data Science Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA"},{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"}]},{"given":"Mohit S.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Karpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil and Urban Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University; New York, NY 11201, USA"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Baur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Ghandehari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"},{"name":"Civil and Urban Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University; New York, NY 11201, USA"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wurtele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Koonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"},{"name":"Civil and Urban Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University; New York, NY 11201, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations (2018). 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Batty, M. 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