{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:22:56Z","timestamp":1778624576652,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China project","award":["91737205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91737205"]}]},{"name":"the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19070102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070102"]}]},{"name":"the MOST High Level Foreign Expert program","award":["GL20200161002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GL20200161002"]}]},{"name":"the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["772751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["772751"]}]},{"name":"the Dragon 4 project","award":["32439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32439"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glacier albedo determines the net shortwave radiation absorbed at the glacier surface and plays a crucial role in glacier energy and mass balance. Remote sensing techniques are efficient means to retrieve glacier surface albedo over large and inaccessible areas and to study its variability. However, corrections of anisotropic reflectance of glacier surface have been established for specific shortwave bands only, such as Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (L5\/TM) band 2 and band 4, which is a major limitation of current retrievals of glacier broadband albedo. In this study, we calibrated and evaluated four anisotropy correction models for glacier snow and ice, applicable to visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared wavelengths using airborne datasets of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). We then tested the ability of the best-performing anisotropy correction model, referred to from here on as the \u2018updated model\u2019, to retrieve albedo from L5\/TM, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (L8\/OLI) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery, and evaluated these results with field measurements collected on eight glaciers around the world. Our results show that the updated model: (1) can accurately estimate anisotropic factors of reflectance for snow and ice surfaces; (2) generally performs better than prior approaches for L8\/OLI albedo retrieval but is not appropriate for L5\/TM; (3) generally retrieves MODIS albedo better than the MODIS standard albedo product (MCD43A3) in both absolute values and glacier albedo temporal evolution, i.e., exhibiting both fewer gaps and better agreement with field observations. As the updated model enables anisotropy correction of a maximum of 10 multispectral bands and is implemented in Google Earth Engine (GEE), it is promising for observing and analyzing glacier albedo at large spatial scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1619648947000},"page":"1714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Anisotropy Parameterization Development and Evaluation for Glacier Surface Albedo Retrieval from Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shaoting","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5446-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan S.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Menenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Kneib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Buri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4138-0578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"},{"name":"British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pellicciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8QD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cuffey, K.M., and Paterson, W.S.B. 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