{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T19:11:13Z","timestamp":1770577873279,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41941019 and 42077238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41941019 and 42077238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the International partnership program","award":["131551KYSB20160002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131551KYSB20160002"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD","award":["Ref. 300102260301 and 300102260404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ref. 300102260301 and 300102260404"]}]},{"name":"the European Space Agency through the ESA-MOST DRAGON-5 project","award":["ref.: 59339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ref.: 59339"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS","award":["No. QYZDY-SSW-DQC006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. QYZDY-SSW-DQC006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A catastrophic tailings dam failure disaster occurred in Brumadinho, Brazil on 25 January 2019, which resulted in over 270 casualties, 24,000 residents evacuated, and a huge economic loss. Environmental concerns were raised for the potential pollution of water due to tailings waste entering the Paraopeba River. In this paper, a detailed analysis has been carried out to investigate the disaster conditions of the Brumadinho dam failure using satellite images with different spatial resolutions. Our in-depth analysis reveals that the hazard chain caused by this failure contained three stages, namely dam failure, mudflow, and the hyperconcentrated flow in the Paraopeba River. The variation characteristics of turbidity of the Rio Paraopeba River after the disaster have also been investigated using high-resolution remote sensing images, followed by a qualitative analysis of the impacts on the downstream reservoir of the Retiro Baixo Plant that was over 300 km away from the dam failure origin. It is believed that, on the one hand, the lack of dam stability management at the maintenance stage was the main cause of this disaster. On the other hand, the abundant antecedent precipitation caused by extreme weather events should be a critical triggering factor. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal pattern mining of global tailings dam failures revealed that the Brumadinho dam disaster belonged to a Consecutive Hot Spot area, suggesting that the regular drainage inspection, risk assessment, monitoring, and early warning of tailings dam in Consecutive Hot Spot areas still need to be strengthened for disaster mitigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T08:05:21Z","timestamp":1619942721000},"page":"1775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Watch Out for the Tailings Pond, a Sharp Edge Hanging over Our Heads: Lessons Learned and Perceptions from the Brumadinho Tailings Dam Failure Disaster"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1992-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development &amp; Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Western China\u2019s Mineral Resource and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi\u2019an 710054, China"},{"name":"Big Data Center for Geosciences and Satellites (BDCGS), Xi\u2019an 710054, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Centre on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.07.050","article-title":"Reported tailings dam failures. 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