{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:44:13Z","timestamp":1761129853052,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872704, 61761003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872704, 61761003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2017YFD0600404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0600404"]}]},{"name":"the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents in Higher Education of Henan","award":["2020GGJS157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GGJS157"]}]},{"name":"the Public Welfare Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau","award":["2019C10084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019C10084"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation Team Support Plan of University Science and Technology of Henan Province","award":["19IRTSTHN014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19IRTSTHN014"]}]},{"name":"the Key Scientic Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province","award":["21A520039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A520039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used as a millimeter-level measurement tool for forest inventories. However, the stem diameter retrieval accuracy in sample plot scanning is not yet convincing. The errors in each step of stem diameter retrieval algorithms must be evaluated. In this study, six numerical calculation methods for the numerical calculation step, i.e., cylinder fitting (CYF), circle fitting (CF), convex hull line fitting (CLF), the proposed caliper simulation method (CSM), closure B-spline curve fitting (SP) and closure B\u00e9zier curve fitting with global convexity (SPC), were applied to stem diameter retrieval, and the similarities and differences were evaluated. The ovality, completeness and roughness were used to evaluate the stem slice point cloud quality. A total of 165 stem slice point clouds at breast height collected from three Larix kaempferi plots were used. Compared with the field-measured stem diameters at breast height (DBHs), the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the CYF, CF, CLF, CSM, SP and SPC methods were 0.30 cm, 0.30 cm, 0.51 cm, 0.51 cm, 0.56 cm and 0.54 cm, respectively. Compared with the SPC method results, the RMSE of the CSM results was 0.05 cm. The results illustrated that the CYF and CF methods performed the same, as did the CLF and CSM methods. Most DBHs retrieved by the CYF and CF methods were smaller than the field-measured DBHs, and most DBHs retrieved by the CLF, CSM, SP and SPC methods were larger than the field-measured DBHs. This study demonstrated that the CYF and CF methods perform the best and are the most robust, and the measurements by a diameter tape and a caliper are similar enough for forestry inventories. Evaluating and preprocessing stem slice point clouds is a potential way to improve stem diameter retrieval accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"1780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of Numerical Calculation Methods for Stem Diameter Retrieval Using Terrestrial Laser Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2697-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Lab of Analysis and Applications of Education Big Data, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System, National Forestry and Grassland, Beijing 100091, China"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9760-6580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System, National Forestry and Grassland, Beijing 100091, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3861-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Information Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.01.005","article-title":"The influence of scanner parameters on the extraction of tree metrics from FARO Photon 120 terrestrial laser scans","volume":"78","author":"Pueschel","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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