{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T16:48:28Z","timestamp":1773593308245,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic","award":["VEGA 2\/0093\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 2\/0093\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the current alteration of temperature and snow cover regimes, the impacts of winter climate have received considerably less attention than those of the vegetation period. In this study, we present the results demonstrating the influence of the winter climate conditions on the Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) communities in High Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians). The changes in greenness in 2000\u20132020 were represented by the inter-annual differences of satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The winter climate conditions were characterized by climate indices calculated from the temperature and snow cover data measured at Skalnat\u00e9 Pleso Observatory (1778 m a.s.l.) over the period between 1941\u20132020. Areas with P. mugo were classified into two density classes and five altitudinal zones of occurrence. The partial correlation analyses, which controlled the influence of summer climate, indicated that winter warm spells (WWS) caused a significant decrease in the greenness of the P. mugo thickets growing in the dense class D2 (R = \u22120.47) and in the altitudinal zones A2 (1600\u20131700 m a.s.l.) and A3 (1700\u20131800 m a.s.l.) with R = \u22120.54 for each zone. The changes in greenness were related to the average snow depth (ASD) as well, particularly in the dense class D2 (R = 0.45) and in the altitudinal zone A2 (R = 0.50). Here, in the summers following winters with the incidence of WWS or low ASD, we found decreased greenness following the injury of P. mugo shrubs, but NDVI after winters with higher ASD indicated more greenness. At lower altitudes, injuries may result in the loss of competition capacity of P. mugo near the timberline, where taller mountain tree species can utilize the conditions of warmer climate for expansion. We also found a significant positive effect of warmer winter seasons in the sparse P. mugo thickets (D1) with R = 0.50 and at higher altitudes (R = 0.49 in A4\u20141800\u20131900 m a.s.l.; R = 0.53 in A5\u20141900\u20132000 m a.s.l.). The increased temperatures in December correlated significantly with the increase of the greenness in all P. mugo pixels (R = 0.47), with the most pronounced effect in the sparse class D1 (R = 0.57) and in altitudinal zones A4 (R = 0.63) and A5 (R = 0.44), creating advantageous conditions for the thermophilisation of the alpine zone by P. mugo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"1788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Changes in the Greenness of Mountain Pine (Pinus mugo Turra) in the Subalpine Zone Related to the Winter Climate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0404-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Lukasov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Star\u00e1 Lesn\u00e1, 059 60 Tatransk\u00e1 Lomnica, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8434-7527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Bucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Forest Centre\u2014Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masaryka 22, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"\u013dubica","family":"Marekov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, \u010eumbierska 1, 974 11 Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Buchholcerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynsk\u00e1 Dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Bi\u010d\u00e1rov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Star\u00e1 Lesn\u00e1, 059 60 Tatransk\u00e1 Lomnica, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, M.D. (2003). Phenology of High-Altitude Climates, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0632-3"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-8198.2008.00200.x","article-title":"Remote Sensing of Mountain Environments","volume":"3","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geogr. Compass"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Richardson, D.M. (1998). Ecology and Biogeography of Pinus, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1127\/0340-269X\/2010\/0040-0436","article-title":"The subalpine Pinus mugo-communities of the Carpathians with a European perspective","volume":"40","author":"Kliment","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytocoenologia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, C. (2003). Alpine Plant Life. Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems, Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18970-8"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"143","article-title":"Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 ra\u0161eliny, jejich vztah k lesu a okol\u00ed [South Bohemian peatlands, their relation to the forest and its surroundings]","volume":"12","year":"1938","journal-title":"Sborn. Masaryk. Akad. Pr\u00e1ce"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1659\/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00079.1","article-title":"Long-term Changes in Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo) Cover in the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia","volume":"33","author":"Janiga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mt. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2007.12.013","article-title":"Krummholz and grassland coexistence above the forest-line in the Krkono\u0161e Mountains: Grid-based model of shrub dynamics","volume":"213","author":"Wild","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2478\/v10285-012-0029-9","article-title":"Assessing the Change in Cover of Non-Indigenous Dwarf-Pine Using Aerial Photographs, a Case Study from the Hrub\u00fd Jesen\u00edk Mts., the Sudetes","volume":"3","author":"Treml","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Landsc. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barry, R.G. (2008). Mountain Weather and Climate Third Edition, Cambridge University Press (CUP).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511754753"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-012-0584-3","article-title":"Long-term snow and weather observations at Weissfluhjoch and its relation to other high-altitude observatories in the Alps","volume":"110","author":"Marty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Clim."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19219","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19219","article-title":"Evidence of high-elevation amplification versus Arctic amplification","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-012-0687-x","article-title":"Enhanced temperature variability in high-altitude climate change","volume":"110","author":"Ohmura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Clim."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mountain Research Initiative EDW Working Group, Pepin, N., Bradley, R.S., Diaz, H.F., Baraer, M., Caceres, E.B., Forsythe, N., Fowler, H., Greenwood, G., and Hashmi, M.Z. (2015). Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world. Nat. Clim. Chang., 5, 424\u2013430.","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2563"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-012-1545-3","article-title":"Alpine snow cover in a changing climate: A regional climate model perspective","volume":"41","author":"Steger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field, C.B., Barros, V.R., Dokken, D.J., and Mach, K.J. (2014). Freshwater Resources, In Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415379"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-007-0289-y","article-title":"Warmer climate: Less or more snow?","volume":"30","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-15-0632.1","article-title":"The Effects of Climate Change on Seasonal Snowpack and the Hydrology of the Northeastern and Upper Midwest United States","volume":"29","author":"DeMaria","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crm.2018.03.001","article-title":"The snow load in Europe and the climate change","volume":"20","author":"Croce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-011-1076-3","article-title":"21st Century changes in snow climate in Northern Europe: A high-resolution view from ENSEMBLES regional climate models","volume":"38","author":"Eklund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Stolina, M. (1985). Ochrana Lesa (Forest Protection), Priroda."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.14430\/arctic1525","article-title":"Strategies of survival in plants of the Fennoscandian Arctic","volume":"44","author":"Sonesson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arctic"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/15230430.2002.12003521","article-title":"Snow Ecology: An Interdisciplinary Examination of Snow-Covered Ecosystems","volume":"34","author":"Kershaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arctic Antarct. Alp. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2009.01554.x","article-title":"Winter warming events damage sub-Arctic vegetation: Consistent evidence from an experimental manipulation and a natural event","volume":"97","author":"Bokhorst","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-019-03621-4","article-title":"Atmospheric circulation conditions during winter warm spells in Central Europe","volume":"96","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1329","article-title":"Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change","volume":"2","author":"Gottfried","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s00027-019-0667-7","article-title":"Climate change accelerates recovery of the Tatra Mountain lakes from acidification and increases their nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations","volume":"81","author":"Brahney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00071-5","article-title":"From space to species: Ecological applications for remote sensing","volume":"18","author":"Kerr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.10.021","article-title":"Improved monitoring of vegetation dynamics at very high latitudes: A new method using MODIS NDVI","volume":"100","author":"Beck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.01.005","article-title":"Land surface phenology of North American mountain environments using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data","volume":"115","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.01.010","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential of MODIS satellite data to predict vegetation phenology in different biomes: An investigation using ground-based NDVI measurements","volume":"132","author":"Hmimina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3832\/ifor2062-010","article-title":"Phenology of the beech forests in the Western Carpathians from MODIS for 2000\u20032015","volume":"10","author":"Bucha","year":"2017","journal-title":"iForest Biogeosci. For."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukasov\u00e1, V., Bucha, T., \u0160kvareninov\u00e1, J., and \u0160kvarenina, J. (2019). Validation and Application of European Beech Phenological Metrics Derived from MODIS Data along an Altitudinal Gradient. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10010060"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1659\/MRD-JOURNAL-D-14-00104.1","article-title":"Pinus mugoKrummholz Dynamics During Concomitant Change in Pastoralism and Climate in the Central Apennines","volume":"37","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mt. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Min\u010f\u00e1\u0161, J., Lapin, M., and \u0160kvarenina, J. (1996). Climate Change and Forest in Slovakia (in Slovak). N\u00e1rodn\u00fd Klimatick\u00fd Program SR (National Climate Program SR), M\u017dP SR."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"13","article-title":"Impact of the climate change on the water balance of altitudinal vegetation stages in Slovakia","volume":"23","author":"Tomlain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ekol\u00f3gia"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"306","article-title":"Regional analysis of climate change impact on Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) growth in Slovak mountain forests","volume":"52","author":"Mikova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. For. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Bi\u010d\u00e1rov\u00e1, S., Bez\u00e1k, V., Bil\u010d\u00edk, D., \u010cep\u010dekov\u00e1, E., Fleischer, P., Hlavat\u00e1, H., Holko, L., Jakubj\u00e1k, O., Ma\u010dutek, J., and Majcin, D. (2013). Observatory of SAS at Skalnat\u00e9 Pleso-70 Years of Meteorological Measurements, Geophysical Institute SAS."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.10.018","article-title":"Analysis of directional effects on atmospheric correction","volume":"128","author":"Franch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Kristof, D., and Pataki, R. (2009). Novel vector-based pre-processing of MODIS data. Ebook Remote Sensing for a Changing Europe, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Marchand, P.J. (1996). The Changing Snowpack. Life in the Cold, University Press of New England. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/19.11.725","article-title":"Impact of snow cover on photoinhibition and winter desiccation in evergreen Rhododendron ferrugineum leaves during subalpine winter","volume":"19","author":"Neuner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2478\/johh-2018-0022","article-title":"Influence of Mountain Spruce Forest Dieback on Snow Accumulation and Melt","volume":"67","author":"Holko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hydrol. Hydromech."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015647708360","article-title":"Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis: Role of Carotenoids in Photoprotection of Chloroplast Constituents","volume":"39","author":"Choudhury","year":"2001","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12374-011-9195-2","article-title":"Photosynthesis and Environments: Photoinhibition and Repair Mechanisms in Plants","volume":"55","author":"Goh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-009-9546-x","article-title":"Winter climate change in alpine tundra: Plant responses to changes in snow depth and snowmelt timing","volume":"94","author":"Wipf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1071\/BT16179","article-title":"Causes and consequences of variation in snow incidence on the high mountains of Tasmania, 1983\u20132013","volume":"65","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.912","article-title":"Long-term snow climate trends of the Swiss Alps (1931\u201399)","volume":"23","author":"Laternser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL020255","article-title":"Trends in Swiss Alpine snow days: The role of local- and large-scale climate variability","volume":"31","author":"Scherrer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1468","article-title":"Snow cover variability in Bulgarian mountainous regions, 1931\u20132000","volume":"27","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-011-1089-y","article-title":"Causes of recent changes in western North American snowpack","volume":"38","author":"Kapnick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-009-9675-2","article-title":"Long-term variability in Northern Hemisphere snow cover and associations with warmer winters","volume":"99","author":"McCabe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JCLI3263.1","article-title":"The Sensitivity of Mountain Snowpack Accumulation to Climate Warming","volume":"23","author":"Minder","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-015-9867-8","article-title":"Quantifying Episodic Snowmelt Events in Arctic Ecosystems","volume":"18","author":"Pedersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2307\/1550988","article-title":"Influence of Wind Exposure on Needle Desiccation and Mortality for Timberline Conifers in Wyoming, U.S.A","volume":"15","author":"Hadley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arctic Alp. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayr, S., Schmid, P., and Rosner, S. (2019). Winter Embolism and Recovery in the Conifer Shrub Pinus mugo L.. Forests, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/f10110941"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Kromka, M. (2001). Influence of Expected Climatic Changes on Mineralization of Soil Organic Matter (in Slovak), M\u017dP SR. N\u00e1rodn\u00fd klimatick\u00fd program SR (National Climate Program SR)."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.04.006","article-title":"The impact of ambient ozone on mountain spruce forests in the Czech Republic as indicated by malondialdehyde","volume":"158","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.10.027","article-title":"Annual and seasonal trends of ambient ozone concentration and its impact on forest vegetation in Mercantour National Park (South-eastern France) over the 2000\u20132008 period","volume":"159","author":"Sicard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13824","article-title":"A unifying explanation for variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"255","article-title":"The response of Pinus species to ozone uptake in different climate regions of Europe","volume":"66","author":"Shashikumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. For. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1659\/MRD-JOURNAL-D-18-00049.1","article-title":"Long-Term Changes in Dwarf Pine (Pinus mugo Turra) Cover and Growth in the Orava Beskid Mountains, Slovakia","volume":"38","author":"Bugala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mt. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, H. (2020, March 19). NOBANIS\u2013Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet\u2013Pinus Mugo. Available online: https:\/\/www.nobanis.org\/globalassets\/speciesinfo\/p\/pinus-mugo\/pinus_mugo.pdf."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"69","article-title":"Behaviour and within-habitat distribution of adult Erebia sudetica sudetica, endemic of the Hruby Jesen\u00edk Mts., Czech Republic (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)","volume":"24","author":"Kuras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nota Lepidopterol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219033","article-title":"Recent Plant Diversity Changes on Europe\u2019s Mountain Summits","volume":"336","author":"Pauli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0005-6","article-title":"Accelerated increase in plant species richness on mountain summits is linked to warming","volume":"556","author":"Steinbauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12835","article-title":"The rich sides of mountain summits\u2014A pan-European view on aspect preferences of alpine plants","volume":"43","author":"Winkler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biogeogr."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/9\/1788\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1760162224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/9\/1788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13091788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13091788","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]}}}