{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T11:12:15Z","timestamp":1772622735930,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2017YFC0210002, 2018YFC0213104, 2016YFC0203302 and 2017YFC0212800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2017YFC0210002, 2018YFC0213104, 2016YFC0203302 and 2017YFC0212800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 41722501, 51778596, 41977184 and 41941011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 41722501, 51778596, 41977184 and 41941011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018530","name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 18030801111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 18030801111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["No. XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"National Key Project for Causes and Control of Heavy Air Pollution","award":["No. DQGG0102 and DQGG0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. DQGG0102 and DQGG0205"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1908085QD170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1908085QD170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017668","name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202004i07020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202004i07020002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Talent Project of the Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, CAS","award":["CERAE202004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERAE202004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air quality is strongly influenced by both local emissions and regional transport. Atmospheric chemical transport models can distinguish between emissions and regional transport sources in air pollutant concentrations. However, quantifying model inventories is challenging due to emission changes caused by the recent strict control measures taken by the Chinese government. In this study, we use NO2 column observations from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument to retrieve top-down nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions and quantify the contributions of local emissions and regional transport to NOx in Beijing (BJ), from 1 November 2018 to 28 February 2019 (W_2018) and 1 November 2019 to 29 February 2020 (W_2019). In W_2018 and W_2019, the BJ bottom-up NOX emissions from the multi-resolution emission inventory for China in 2017 were overestimated by 11.8% and 40.5%, respectively, and the input of NOX from other cities to BJ was overestimated by 10.9% and 51.6%, respectively. The simulation using our adjusted inventory exhibited a much higher spatial agreement (slope = 1.0, R2 = 0.79) and reduced a mean relative error by 45% compared to those of bottom-up NOX emissions. The top-down inventory indicated that (1) city boundary transport contributes approximately 40% of the NOX concentration in BJ; (2) in W_2019, NOX emissions and transport in BJ decreased by 20.4% and 17.2%, respectively, compared to those of W_2018; (3) in W_2019, NOX influx substantially decreased (\u2212699 g\/s) in BJ compared to that of W_2018 despite negative meteorological conditions that should have increased NOx influx by +503 g\/s. Overall, the contribution of intercity input to NOx in BJ has declined with decreasing emissions in the surrounding cities due to regional cooperative control measures, and the role of local emissions in BJ NOx levels was more prominent. Our findings indicate that local emissions may play vital roles in regional center city air quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"1798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Quantifying Contributions of Local Emissions and Regional Transport to NOX in Beijing Using TROPOMI Constrained WRF-Chem Simulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yizhi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Environmental Optics &amp; Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Qihou","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Environmental Optics &amp; Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Environmental Optics &amp; Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2011.08.014","article-title":"Global projections for anthropogenic reactive nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere: An assessment of scenarios in the scientific literature","volume":"3","author":"Vuuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. 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