{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:31:44Z","timestamp":1776306704888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estimating evapotranspiration (ET), the main water output flux within basins, is an important step in assessing hydrological changes and water availability. However, direct measurements of ET are challenging, especially for large regions. Global products now provide gridded estimates of ET at different temporal resolution, each with its own method of estimating ET based on various data sources. This study investigates the differences between ERA5, GLEAM, and GLDAS datasets of estimated ET at gridded points across Iran, and their accuracy in comparison with reference ET. The spatial and temporal discrepancies between datasets are identified, as well as their co-variation with forcing variables. The ET reference values used to check the accuracy of the datasets were based on the water balance (ETwb) from Iran\u2019s main basins, and co-variation of estimated errors for each product with forcing drivers of ET. The results indicate that ETERA5 provides higher base average values and lower maximum annual average values than ETGLEAM. Temporal changes at the annual scale are similar for GLEAM, ERA5, and GLDAS datasets, but differences at seasonal and monthly time scales are identified. Some discrepancies are also recorded in ET spatial distribution, but generally, all datasets provide similarities, e.g., for humid regions basins. ETERA5 has a higher correlation with available energy than available water, while ETGLEAM has higher correlation with available water, and ETGLDAS does not correlate with none of these drivers. Based on the comparison of ETERA5 and ETGLEAM with ETwb, both have similar errors in spatial distribution, while ETGLDAS provided over and under estimations in northern and southern basins, respectively, compared to them (ETERA5 and ETGLEAM). All three datasets provide better ET estimates (values closer to ETWB) in hyper-arid and arid regions from central to eastern Iran than in the humid areas. Thus, the GLEAM, ERA5, and GLDAS datasets are more suitable for estimating ET for arid rather than humid basins in Iran.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1620426984000},"page":"1816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Global Gridded Evapotranspiration Datasets across Iran"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9351-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davood","family":"Moshir Panahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadegh","family":"Sadeghi Tabas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7978-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Navarino Environmental Observatory, 24001 Messinia, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Sofia Santos","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Navarino Environmental Observatory, 24001 Messinia, Greece"}]},{"given":"Bagher","family":"Zahabiyoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8377","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL061848","article-title":"Developing water change spectra and distinguishing change drivers worldwide","volume":"41","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geophys. 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