{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T08:05:36Z","timestamp":1771574736621,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-20-1-2742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-20-1-2742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Agulhas Current is a critical component of global ocean circulation and has been observed to respond to El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events via its temperature and salinity signatures. In this research, we use sea surface salinity (SSS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration\u2019s (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite, sea surface temperature (SST) observations from the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC), sea surface height (SSH) anomalies from altimetry, and the Oceanic Ni\u00f1o Index to study the SMAP satellite time period of April 2015 through March 2020 (to observe full years of study). We see warming and high salinities after El Ni\u00f1o, cooling and fresher surface waters after La Ni\u00f1a, and a stronger temperature response than that of salinity. About one year after the 2015 El Ni\u00f1o, there is a warming of the entire region except at the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. About two years after the event, there is an increase in salinity along the eastern coast of Africa and in the Agulhas Current region. About two years after the 2016 and 2018 La Ni\u00f1as, there is a cooling south of Madagascar and in the Agulhas Current. There are no major changes in salinity seen in the Agulhas Current, but there is a highly saline mass of water west of the Indonesian Throughflow about two years after the La Ni\u00f1a events. Wavelet coherence analysis finds that SSS and ENSO are most strongly correlated a year after the 2015 El Ni\u00f1o and two years after the 2016 La Ni\u00f1a.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1620426984000},"page":"1829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigating the Response of Temperature and Salinity in the Agulhas Current Region to ENSO Events"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1908-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne B.","family":"Trott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, Hancock County, MS 39529, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bulusu","family":"Subrahmanyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]},{"given":"Caroline E.","family":"Washburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1988)018<1570:TROTAC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Retroflection of the Agulhas Current","volume":"18","author":"Lutjeharms","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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