{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:26:54Z","timestamp":1783106814458,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tillage of arable fields, using for instance a smoothing harrow, may increase the magnitude of albedo of such soil surfaces depending on the location, the sun\u2019s illumination and atmospheric components. As these soil surfaces absorb less shortwave radiation compared to plowed soils, the result is an atmospheric cooling and a positive effect on the Earth\u2019s climate. This paper is the follow-on of a previous study aimed at quantifying the seasonal dynamics of net shortwave radiation reflected by bare air-dried arable land areas located in contrasting environments, i.e. Poland and Israel. Soil tillage includes a plow, a disk harrow, and a smoothing harrow. Previous work concentrated on the estimate of net shortwave radiation under clear-sky theoretical scenarios, whereas the present study deals with a realistic atmosphere throughout the year 2014. This latter is characterized by the observations of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) instrument on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). The variations of the net shortwave radiation for the selected bare arable land areas were assessed in combining observations from Landsat 8 images and digital maps of land use and soil, plus model equations that calculate the diurnal variations of the broadband blue-sky albedo with roughness inclusive. The daily amount of net shortwave radiation for air-dried bare arable land in Poland and Israel for the time their spatial coverage is the largest was found to be about 40\u201350% and 10% lower, respectively, in cloudy-sky conditions compared to clear-sky conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13101897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T22:46:14Z","timestamp":1620859574000},"page":"1897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Seasonal Net Shortwave Radiation of Bare Arable Land in Poland and Israel According to Roughness and Atmospheric Irradiance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Cierniewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144, Bogumi\u0142a Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2340-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Roujean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESBIO, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, bpi 2801, CEDEX 9, 31401 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2837-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Jasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144, Bogumi\u0142a Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Kr\u00f3lewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144, Bogumi\u0142a Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farmer, T.G., and Cook, J. (2013). Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis. Volume 1\u2014The Physical Climate, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5757-8"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)00061-Q","article-title":"Remote sensing of the land surface for studies of global change: Models\u2014algorithms\u2014Experiments","volume":"51","author":"Sellers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"GCOS-154 (2016). Systematic Observation Requirements for Satellite-Based Products for Climate Supplemental Details to the Satellite-Based Component of the Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC-2016 Update, WMO."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2000)039<0231:TIOTDV>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The impact of the diurnal variation of albedo on the remote sensing of the daily mean albedo of grassland","volume":"39","author":"Grant","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteor."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3416","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.716530","article-title":"Approximating the Average Daily Surface Albedo with respect to Soil Roughness and Latitude","volume":"34","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2012.2234440","article-title":"Effects of soil roughness on the optimal time of cultivated soils observation by satellites for the soils average diurnal albedo approximation","volume":"6","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.49708737205","article-title":"The radiation balance of bare soil and vegetation","volume":"87","author":"Monteith","year":"1961","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10546-004-7403-z","article-title":"Variation of surface albedo and soil thermal parameters with soil moisture content at a semi-desert site on the western Tibetan Plateau","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Boundary-Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2004.12.009","article-title":"Tillage and surface moisture effects on bare-soil albedo of a tropical loamy sand","volume":"85","author":"Oguntunde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Frasner, R.S. (1975). Interaction Mechanisms\u2013Within the Atmosphere (Chapter 5), Manual of Remote Sensing, American Society of Photogrammetry."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2113(08)60672-0","article-title":"Reflectance properties of soils","volume":"38","author":"Baumgardner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00347-9","article-title":"Relating soil surface moisture to reflectance","volume":"81","author":"Weidong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1975)014<0109:TDOBSA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The dependence of bare soil albedo on soil water content","volume":"14","author":"Idso","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"83","article-title":"Spektralnaja otrazatelnaja sposobnost glavneysych tipov pochv i vozmoznost ispolzovaniya diffuznogo otrazenija pri pochvennych issledovanijach","volume":"28","author":"Obukhov","year":"1964","journal-title":"Pochvoved"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Rozanov, B.G. (1986). Opticheskie Svoystva Pochv i Pochvennych Komponentov, Nauka. Akademya Nauk SSSR."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zastosowanie Fotointerpretacji do wykonywania map stosunk\u00f3w wodnych gleb","volume":"35","year":"1978","journal-title":"PTG Pr. Kom. Nauk."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(1999). Geometrical Modeling of Soil Bi-Directional Reflectance in the Optical Domain, Bogucki Scientific Publishers."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2001). The Bidirectional Reflectance Model from Cultivated Soils Taking into Account Soil Aggregates and Micro-Relief, Bogucki Scientific Publishers. (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2000.6431035x","article-title":"Surface roughness effects on soil albedo","volume":"64","author":"Matthias","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2014.2330691","article-title":"Effects of soil surface irregularities on the diurnal soil broadband blue-sky albedo variation","volume":"28","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Topics Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2017.05.033","article-title":"Predicting the diurnal blue-sky albedo of soils using their laboratory reflectance spectra and roughness indices","volume":"200","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Guant Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2018.06.003","article-title":"Estimating the diurnal blue-sky albedo of soils with given roughness using their laboratory reflectance spectra","volume":"217","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Guant Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"289","article-title":"The spectral reflectance properties of soil structural crusts in the 1.2 to 2.5 \u03bcm spectral region","volume":"67","author":"Goldlshleger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Amer J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2004.1982","article-title":"Spectral reflectance properties of crusted soils under solar illumination","volume":"68","author":"Eshel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ss.0000146024.61559.e2","article-title":"Soil reflectance as a tool for assessing physical crust arrangement of four typical soils in Israel","volume":"169","author":"Goldshleger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soil. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-1-399-2015","article-title":"Soil surface roughness: Comparing old and new measuring methods and application in a soil erosion model","volume":"1","author":"Thomsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-9730.2010.00584.x","article-title":"Applying close range digital photogrammetry in soil erosion studies","volume":"25","author":"Heng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photogramm Rec."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.01.010","article-title":"Soil surface roughness measurement: A new fully automatic photogrammetric approach applied to agricultural bare fields","volume":"134","author":"Gilliot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.06.005","article-title":"Assessment of soil surface roughness statistics for microwave remote sensing applications using a simple photogrammetric acquisition system","volume":"72","author":"Arzahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-16-0126.1","article-title":"Annual dynamics of shortwave radiation as consequence of smoothing of previously plowed and harrowed soils in Poland","volume":"56","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cierniewski, J., Ceglarek, J., Karnieli, A., Ben-Dor, E., Kr\u00f3lewicz, S., and Ka\u017amierowski, C. (2018). Shortwave radiation affected by agricultural practices. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10030419"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Richter, R. (2010). Atmospheric\/Topographic Correction for Satellite Imagery\u2013ATCOR2\/3 User Guide, DLR-German Aerospace Center."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"International Union of Soil Sciences Working Group World Reference Base (2021, May 11). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. World Soil Resource Rep. 106, 192p. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/i3794en\/I3794en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Ravikovitch, S. (1969). Guidebook and Map of Israel Soils, Hebrew University Magnes Press."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Soil Survey Staff (2014). Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 51, Version 2.0."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3109-3","article-title":"The LUCAS topsoil database and derived information on the regional variability of cropland topsoil properties in the European Union","volume":"185","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Monitor. Assess."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Terelak, H., Stuczynski, T., Motowicka-Terelak, T., Maliszewska-Kordybach, B., and Pietruch, C. (2008). Monitoring of chemistry of arable soils in Poland in 2005\u20132007, Inspection of Environmental Protection. (In Polish)."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2006.03.018","article-title":"Estimating soil roughness indices on a ridge and-furrow surface using stereo photogrammetry","volume":"93","author":"Taconet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"36","article-title":"A tool for predicting diurnal soil albedo variation in Poland and Israel. Special Issue: 34th EARSeL Symposium, University of Warsow, Poland","volume":"13","author":"Cierniewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"EARSeL eProceedings"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1980)019<1005:ASPMTE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Simple Physical Model to Estimate Incident Solar Radiation at the Surface from GOES Satellite Data","volume":"19","author":"Gautier","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9731","DOI":"10.1029\/JC094iC07p09731","article-title":"A Simple Analytical Formula to Compute Clear Sky Total and Photosynthetically Available Solar Irradiance at the Ocean Surface","volume":"94","author":"Frouin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Allen, R.G., Rick, G., and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cierniewski, J. (2020). Spectral Reflectance of Soils, Springer Nature Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38696-2_4"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1029\/RG012i003p00447","article-title":"Climate modeling","volume":"12","author":"Schneider","year":"1974","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Desjardins, R.L. (2009, January 24\u201326). The Impact of Agriculture on Climate Change. Proceedings of the North American Biotechnology Conference (NABC 21 symposium Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.01.016","article-title":"A parameterization of SEVIRI and MODIS daily surface albedo with soil moisture: Calibration and validation over southwestern France","volume":"144","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/10\/1897\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:59:58Z","timestamp":1760162398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/10\/1897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13101897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13101897","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]}}}