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While the process of discriminating birds from weather signals is well established, insect contamination is still a problem. We present a simple method combining two Doppler radar products within a Gaussian mixture model to estimate the proportions of birds and insects within a single measurement volume, as well as the density and speed of birds and insects. This method can be applied to any existing archives of vertical bird profiles, such as the European Network for the Radar surveillance of Animal Movement repository, with no need to recalculate the huge amount of original polar volume data, which often are not available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13101989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T21:49:21Z","timestamp":1621460961000},"page":"1989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Gaussian Mixture Model to Separate Birds and Insects in Single-Polarization Weather Radar Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Nussbaumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7736-7527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baptiste","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Liechti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2307\/1294752","article-title":"Weather Radar Quantification of Bird Migration","volume":"20","author":"Gauthreaux","year":"1970","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chilson, P.B., Stepanian, P.M., and Kelly, J.F. 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