{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:00:24Z","timestamp":1760234424241,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41801393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801393"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study analyzes the geophysical signals in J2 time series from 1976 to 2020 by using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and the Lomb-Scargle (L-S) periodogram for the first time. The results of SSA indicate that the secular trend is characterized by a superposition of the secular linear decrease with a rate of approximately (\u22125.80 \u00b1 0.08) \u00d7 10\u221211\/yr and an obvious quadratic rate of (2.38 \u00b1 0.02) \u00d7 10\u221213\/yr2. Besides, the annual, semi-annual, and 10.6-year signals with determining for the first time its amplitude of 5.01 \u00d7 10\u221211, are also detected by SSA, where their stochastic behavior can be maintained to the greatest extent. The 18.6-year signal cannot be detected by SSA even when the window size of 18.6 years was selected, while L-S periodogram can detect the signal of 18.6 years after removing the 18.6-year tidal theoretical value and the linear trend, proving the existence of the tidal variations of 18.6 years in the residual time series. Nevertheless, the 10.6-year signal can be found only after removing the secular trend. This fact suggests that the advantages of different methods used will lead to different sensitivity to the particular signals hard to be detected. Finally, the reconstructed \u0394J2 time series through the sum of the climate-driven contributions from glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), Antarctic ice sheets (ANT), atmosphere (ATM), continental glaciers (GLA), Greenland ice sheets (GRE), ocean bottom pressure (OBP), and terrestrial water storage (TWS) by using GRACE gravity field solution and geophysical models agrees very well with that of the observed \u0394J2 from SLR in terms of the amplitude and phase. About 81.5% of observed \u0394J2 can be explained by the reconstructed value. ATM, TWS, and OBP are the most significant contributing sources for seasonal signals in \u0394J2 time series, explaining up to 40.1%, 31.9%, and 26.3% of the variances of observed \u0394J2. These three components contribute to the annual and semi-annual variations of the observed \u0394J2 up to 30.1% and 1.6%, 30.8% and 1.0%, as well as 25.4% and 0.7%, respectively. GRE, ANT, and GLA have ~3 to ~7-year periodic fluctuations and a positive linear trend, excluding GIA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13102004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"2004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Geophysical Signal Detection in the Earth\u2019s Oblateness Variation and Its Climate-Driven Source Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongjuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Qiujie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-1307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Sosnica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrb.50058","article-title":"Deceleration in the Earth\u2019s oblateness","volume":"118","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggx483","article-title":"Decadal Variation in Earth\u2019s Oblateness (J2) from Satellite Laser Ranging Data","volume":"212","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-015-0825-1","article-title":"Time Variable Earth\u2019s Gravity Field from SLR Satellites","volume":"89","author":"Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-015-0819-z","article-title":"Second-Degree Stokes Coefficients from Multi-Satellite SLR","volume":"89","author":"Gerstl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6910","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL082929","article-title":"Improved Earth Oblateness Rate Reveals Increased Ice Sheet Losses and Mass-Driven Sea Level Rise","volume":"46","author":"Loomis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Lemoine, J.M., Bourgogne, S., Biancale, R., and Bruinsma, S. (2018, January 9\u201311). RL04 Monthly Gravity Field Solutions from CNES\/GRGS. Proceedings of the GRACE\/GRACE-FO Science Team Meeting, Potsdam, Germany. Available online: http:\/\/presentations.copernicus.org\/GSTM-2018-42_presentation.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-016-0995-5","article-title":"The Unexpected Signal in GRACE Estimates of C20","volume":"91","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, M., Ries, J.C., and Tapley, B.D. (2011). Variations of the Earth\u2019s figure axis from satellite laser ranging and GRACE. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 116.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JB000850"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020JB019421","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JB019421","article-title":"Variation of Earth\u2019s Oblateness J 2 on Interannual-to-Decadal Timescales","volume":"125","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, M., and Tapley, B.D. (2004). Variations in the Earth\u2019s oblateness during the past 28 years. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 109.","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JB003028"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077777","article-title":"Recent Earth Oblateness Variations: Unraveling Climate and Postglacial Rebound Effects","volume":"298","author":"Dickey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"757","article-title":"Secular Variation of Earth\u2019s Gravitational Harmonic J2 Coefficient from Lageos and Nontidal Acceleration of Earth Rotation","volume":"303","author":"Yoder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggv312","article-title":"Decadal and Quadratic Variations of Earth\u2019s Oblateness and Polar Ice Mass Balance from 1979 to 2010","volume":"203","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4509","DOI":"10.1029\/92JB02700","article-title":"Present-Day Secular Variations in the Zonal Harmonics of Earth\u2019s Geopotential","volume":"98","author":"Mitrovica","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072188","article-title":"Detection of a Large-Scale Mass Redistribution in the Terrestrial System since 1998","volume":"297","author":"Cox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1029\/GL016i005p00393","article-title":"Temporal Variations in Low Degree Zonal Harmonics from Starlette Orbit Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JB900036","article-title":"Seasonal Variations in Low Degree Zonal Harmonics of the Earth\u2019s Gravity Field from Satellite Laser Ranging Observations","volume":"104","author":"Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.1029\/92JB02728","article-title":"Deep Mantle Viscous Structure with Prior Estimate and Satellite Constraint","volume":"98","author":"Ivins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"514","article-title":"Recent Contributions of Glaciers and Ice Caps to Sea Level Rise","volume":"482","author":"Jacob","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6092","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JB017164","article-title":"Seismic Effects on the Secular Drift of the Earth\u2019s Rotational Pole","volume":"124","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JB013161","article-title":"Global Geodynamic Changes Induced by All Major Earthquakes, 1976\u20132015","volume":"121","author":"Chao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1029\/95GL02664","article-title":"Anthropogenic Impact on Global Geodynamics Due to Reservoir Water Impoundment","volume":"22","author":"Chao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9415","DOI":"10.1029\/JB092iB09p09415","article-title":"Snow Load Effect on the Earth\u2019s Rotation and Gravitational Field, 1979\u20131985","volume":"92","author":"Chao","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22377","DOI":"10.1029\/97JB01740","article-title":"Determination of Long-Term Changes in the Earth\u2019s Gravity Field from Satellite Laser Ranging Observations","volume":"102","author":"Cheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcus, S.L., Dickey, J.O., Willis, J.K., and Seitz, F. (2009). Earth Oblateness Changes Reveal Land Ice Contribution to Interannual Sea Level Variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL041130"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8249","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JB015890","article-title":"Application of Stabilized AR-z Spectrum in Harmonic Analysis for Geophysics","volume":"123","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"9","article-title":"Continuous Plankton Records-Zooplankton and Environment, Northeast Atlantic and North-Sea, 1948\u20131975","volume":"1","author":"Colebrook","year":"1978","journal-title":"Oceanol. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1986)043<0419:ETDOWA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Estimating the Dimensions of Weather and Climate Attractors","volume":"43","author":"Fraedrich","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.6339\/JDS.2007.05(2).396","article-title":"Singular Spectrum Analysis: Methodology and Comparison","volume":"5","author":"Hassani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Data Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-017-1065-3","article-title":"Long-Term Prediction of Polar Motion Using a Combined SSA and ARMA model","volume":"92","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"3889","article-title":"Gravity Tides Extracted from Relative Gravimetric Data with Singular Spectrum Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.5194\/npg-22-371-2015","article-title":"Improved Singular Spectrum Analysis for Time Series with Missing Data","volume":"22","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nonlinear Process. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggaa339","article-title":"Improved Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis for Post-Processing Grace Monthly Gravity Field Models","volume":"223","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(89)90077-8","article-title":"Singular Spectrum Analysis in Nonlinear Dynamics, with Applications to Paleoclimatic Time Series","volume":"35","author":"Vautard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanderPlas, J.T. (2018). Understanding the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 236, Available online: https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.3847\/1538-4365\/aab766\/pdf.","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/aab766"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Reimann, J.D. (1994). Frequency Estimation Using Unequally-Spaced Astronomical Data, University of California."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bretthorst, G.L. (1988). Bayesian Spectrum Analysis and Parameter Estimation. Lecture Notes in Statistics 48, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-9399-3"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1086\/114981","article-title":"A Comparison of the Fourier, Jurkevich, and Stellingwerf Methods of Period Estimation","volume":"97","author":"Swingler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Astron. J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL080607","article-title":"Using GRACE to Explain Variations in the Earth\u2019s Oblateness","volume":"46","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kondrashov, D., Shprits, Y., and Ghil, M. (2010). Gap Filling of Solar Wind Data by Singular Spectrum Analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37.","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL044138"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00648343","article-title":"Least-Squares Frequency Analysis of Unequally Spaced Data","volume":"39","author":"Lomb","year":"1976","journal-title":"Astrophys. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1086\/160554","article-title":"Studies in astronomical time series analysis. II-Statistical aspects of spectral analysis of unevenly spaced data","volume":"263","author":"Scargle","year":"1982","journal-title":"Astron. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:200811296","article-title":"The Generalised Lomb-Scargle Periodogram-a New Formalism for the Floating-Mean and Keplerian Periodograms","volume":"496","author":"Zechmeister","year":"2009","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L33","DOI":"10.1086\/181703","article-title":"Optical Studies of UHURU Sources. XI. A Probable Period for Scorpius X-1= V818 Scorpii","volume":"195","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1975","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nerem, R.S., and Wahr, J. (2011). Recent Changes in the Earth\u2019s Oblateness Driven by Greenland and Antarctic Ice Mass Loss. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL047879"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4662","DOI":"10.1002\/grl.50900","article-title":"Accelerated Ice Mass Depletion Revealed by Low-Degree Gravity Field from Satellite Laser Ranging: Greenland, 1991\u20132011","volume":"40","author":"Matsuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20066597","article-title":"SigSpec","volume":"467","author":"Reegen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00654032","article-title":"Frequency Shift in Fourier Analysis","volume":"78","year":"1981","journal-title":"Astrophys. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11600-018-0130-5","article-title":"Climate-Driven Seasonal Geocenter Motion during the GRACE Period","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Geophys."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8352","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JB013073","article-title":"Optimizing Estimates of Annual Variations and Trends in Geocenter Motion and J 2 from a Combination of GRACE Data and Geophysical Models","volume":"121","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-015-0852-y","article-title":"Observed Changes in the Earth\u2019s Dynamic Oblateness from GRACE Data and Geophysical Models","volume":"90","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggx241","article-title":"Statistically Optimal Estimation of Degree-1 and C20 Coefficients Based on GRACE Data and an Ocean Bottom Pressure Model","volume":"210","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jog.2011.06.007","article-title":"Resolving Sea Level Contributions by Identifying Fingerprints in Time-Variable Gravity and Altimetry","volume":"59\u201360","author":"Rietbroek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geodyn."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"434","article-title":"Constraint on Deep Mantle Viscosity from Lageos Acceleration Data","volume":"304","author":"Peltier","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rignot, E., Box, J.E., Burgess, E., and Hanna, E. (2008). Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1958 to 2007. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35.","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035417"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3189\/172756505781829007","article-title":"Mass Changes of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets and Shelves and Contributions to Sea-Level Rise: 1992\u20132002","volume":"51","author":"Zwally","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Glaciol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10864","DOI":"10.1002\/2016GL070750","article-title":"Closing the Sea Level Budget on a Regional Scale: Trends and Variability on the Northwestern European continental Shelf","volume":"43","author":"Frederikse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-10-459-2016","article-title":"Brief Communication: Upper-Air Relaxation in RACMO2 Significantly Improves Modelled Interannual Surface Mass Balance Variability in Antarctica","volume":"10","author":"Medley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rignot, E., Velicogna, I., Broeke, M.R.V.D., Monaghan, A., and Lenaerts, J.T.M. (2011). Acceleration of the Contribution of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets to Sea Level Rise. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL046583"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-9-2399-2015","article-title":"Brief Communication: Global Reconstructions of Glacier Mass Change during the 20th Century are Consistent","volume":"9","author":"Marzeion","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.828","article-title":"The ERA-Interim Reanalysis: Configuration and Performance of the Data Assimilation System","volume":"137","author":"Dee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Thomas, M. (2002). Ocean Induced Variations of Earths Rotation\u2013Results from a Simultaneous Model of Global Circulation and Tides. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Hamburg]."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamisiea, M.E., Hill, E.M., Ponte, R.M., Davis, J.L., Velicogna, I., and Vinogradova, N.T. (2010). Impact of Self-Attraction and Loading on the Annual Cycle in Sea Level. J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys., 115.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JC005687"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/10\/2004\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:04:35Z","timestamp":1760162675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/10\/2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13102004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13102004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]}}}