{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T06:19:47Z","timestamp":1772173187551,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42030112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42030112"]}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1505101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1505101"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","award":["2020JJ2043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ2043"]}]},{"name":"Special fund for the construction of innovative provinces in Hunan","award":["2019GK5006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GK5006"]}]},{"name":"Project of Innovation-driven Plan of Central South University","award":["2019CX007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CX007"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University","award":["2019zzts640 and 2020zzts647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019zzts640 and 2020zzts647"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique has been widely used to obtain the ground surface deformation of geohazards (e.g., mining subsidence and landslides). As one of the inherent errors in the interferometric phase, the digital elevation model (DEM) error is usually estimated with the help of an a priori deformation model. However, it is difficult to determine an a priori deformation model that can fit the deformation time series well, leading to possible bias in the estimation of DEM error and the deformation time series. In this paper, we propose a method that can construct an adaptive deformation model, based on a set of predefined functions and the hypothesis testing theory in the framework of the small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) method. Since it is difficult to fit the deformation time series over a long time span by using only one function, the phase time series is first divided into several groups with overlapping regions. In each group, the hypothesis testing theory is employed to adaptively select the optimal deformation model from the predefined functions. The parameters of adaptive deformation models and the DEM error can be modeled with the phase time series and solved by a least square method. Simulations and real data experiments in the Pingchuan mining area, Gaunsu Province, China, demonstrate that, compared to the state-of-the-art deformation modeling strategy (e.g., the linear deformation model and the function group deformation model), the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of DEM error estimation and can benefit the estimation of deformation time series.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13102006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"2006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Constructing Adaptive Deformation Models for Estimating DEM Error in SBAS-InSAR Based on Hypothesis Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5412-2703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaoqiao","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spacety Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lehe","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spacety Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7227","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2010.519741","article-title":"Deformation mapping in three dimensions for underground mining using InSAR\u2013Southern highland coalfield in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"32","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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