{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:51:43Z","timestamp":1773100303262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Economic Development (MISE), Italy","award":["INNOGRANO N. F\/050393\/00\/X32, HORIZON 2020 PON I&C 2014-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INNOGRANO N. F\/050393\/00\/X32, HORIZON 2020 PON I&C 2014-2020"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Agriculture (MIPAAF), Italy","award":["AGRIDIGIT, N\u00b0 36503.7305.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGRIDIGIT, N\u00b0 36503.7305.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the main questions facing precision agriculture is the evaluation of different algorithms for the delineation of homogeneous management zones. In the present study, a new approach based on the use of time series of satellite imagery, collected during two consecutive growing seasons, was proposed. Texture analysis performed using the Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) was used to integrate and correct the sum of the vegetation indices maps (NDVI and MCARI2) and define the homogenous productivity zones on ten durum wheat fields in southern Italy. The homogenous zones identified through the method that integrates the GLCM indices with the spectral indices studied showed a greater accuracy (0.18\u20130.22 Mg ha\u22121 for \u2211NDVIs + GLCM and 0.05\u20130.49 Mg ha\u22121 for \u2211MCARI2s + GLCM) with respect to the methods that considered only the sum of the indices. Best results were also obtained with respect to the homogeneous zones derived by using yield maps of the previous year or vegetation indices acquired in a single day. Therefore, the survey methods based on the data collected over the entire study period provided the best results in terms of estimated yield; the addition of clustering analysis performed with the GLCM method allowed to further improve the accuracy of the estimate and better define homogeneous productivity zones of durum wheat fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:01:20Z","timestamp":1621814480000},"page":"2036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Methodology for the Definition of Durum Wheat Yield Homogeneous Zones by Using Satellite Spectral Indices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9418-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elio","family":"Romano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L\u2019analisi Dell\u2019economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Milano 43, 24047 Treviglio, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1248-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Bergonzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L\u2019analisi Dell\u2019economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Milano 43, 24047 Treviglio, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Pecorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L\u2019analisi Dell\u2019economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, SS 673 km 25+200, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-0757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Bisaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L\u2019analisi Dell\u2019economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via Milano 43, 24047 Treviglio, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"De Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L\u2019analisi Dell\u2019economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, SS 673 km 25+200, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"In-season performance of European Union wheat forecasts during extreme impacts","volume":"8","author":"Baruth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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