{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:39:28Z","timestamp":1774021168025,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National\u00a0Natural\u00a0Science\u00a0Foundation\u00a0of\u00a0China","award":["41961064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41961064"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan\u00a0Department\u00a0of\u00a0Science\u00a0and\u00a0Technology\u00a0application\u00a0of\u00a0basic\u00a0research\u00a0project","award":["202001BB050030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001BB050030"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan University Graduate Research and Innovation Fund Project","award":["2020188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020188"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Using toponym data, population data, and night-time light data, we visualized the development index of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups on ArcGIS as well as the distribution of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area. First, we extracted the toponym data of 25 ethnic minorities in the study area, combined with night-time light data and the population proportion data of each ethnic group, then we obtained the development index of each ethnic group in the study area. We compared the development indexes of the Yi, Wa, Zhuang, Naxi, Hani, and Dai ethnic groups with higher development indexes. The results show that the Yi nationality\u2019s development index was the highest, reaching 28.86 (with two decimal places), and the Dai nationality\u2019s development index was the lowest (15.22). The areas with the highest minority development index were concentrated in the core area of the minority development, and the size varied with the minority\u2019s distance. According to the distribution of ethnic minorities, we found that the Yi ethnic group was distributed in almost the entire study area, while other ethnic minorities had obvious geographical distribution characteristics, and there were multiple ethnic minorities living together. This research is of great significance to the cultural protection of ethnic minorities, the development of ethnic minorities, and the remote sensing mapping of lights at night.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1622432729000},"page":"2129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Night-Time Light Remote Sensing Mapping: Construction and Analysis of Ethnic Minority Development Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2801-0775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Domestic High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Geology for Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9304-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Municipal People\u2019s Congress Standing Committee, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9523-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guize","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieyu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siwen","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Domestic High-Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Geology for Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray, A.K. 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