{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T09:28:26Z","timestamp":1770456506685,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Technology R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC0213201, 2019YFC0214702, 2016YFC0200404, 2017YFC0210002, 2018YFC0213104,  2019YFC0214802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC0213201, 2019YFC0214702, 2016YFC0200404, 2017YFC0210002, 2018YFC0213104,  2019YFC0214802"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41775025, 41722501, 91544212, 51778596, 41575021, 41977184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41775025, 41722501, 91544212, 51778596, 41575021, 41977184"]}]},{"name":"Major Projects of High Resolution Earth Observation Systems of National Science and Technology","award":["05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05-Y30B01-9001-19\/20-3"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA23020301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23020301"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Project for Causes and Control of Heavy Air Pollution","award":["DQGG0102, DQGG0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DQGG0102, DQGG0205"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2016A030310115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A030310115"]}]},{"name":"Funded by the Research Fund Program of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality","award":["GHML2021-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHML2021-102"]}]},{"name":"Project supported by the Presidential Foundation of the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, China-\u201cSpark\u201d","award":["No. YZJJ2021QN06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. YZJJ2021QN06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vertical profiles and stratospheric HNO3 and HCl columns are retrieved by ground-based high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) remote sensing measurements at the Hefei site in China. The time series of stratospheric HNO3 and HCl columns from January 2017 to December 2019 showed similar annual variation trends, with an annually decreasing rate of (\u22129.45 \u00b1 1.20)% yr\u22121 and (\u22127.04 \u00b1 0.81)% yr\u22121 for stratospheric HNO3 and HCl, respectively. The seasonal amplitudes of stratospheric HNO3 and HCl are 2.67 \u00d7 1015 molec cm\u22122 and 4.76 \u00d7 1014 molec cm\u22122 respectively, both reaching their maximum in March and their minimum in September, due to the tropopause height variation. Further, HNO3 and HCl data were used to compare with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite data. MLS satellite data showed similar seasonal variations and annual rates with FTIR data, and the stratospheric HNO3 and HCl columns of the two datasets have correlation coefficients (r) of 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. The mean bias between satellite and FTIR data of stratospheric HNO3 and HCl columns are (\u22128.58 \u00b1 12.22)% and (4.58 \u00b1 13.09)%, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T21:42:06Z","timestamp":1622497326000},"page":"2159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Retrieval of Stratospheric HNO3 and HCl Based on Ground-Based High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Changgong","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2680-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automation, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qihou","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D18307","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004665","article-title":"Ground-based nitric acid measurements at Arrival Heights, Antarctica, using solar and lunar Fourier transform infrared observations","volume":"109","author":"Wood","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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