{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:19:04Z","timestamp":1768807144069,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Secretariat of Research and Innovation, Greece","award":["MIS 5002517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5002517"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The planetary-boundary layer (PBL) plays an important role in air-pollution studies over urban\/industrial areas. Therefore, numerous experimental\/modelling efforts have been conducted to determine the PBL height and provide statistics. Nowadays, remote-sensing techniques such as ceilometers are valuable tools in PBL-height estimation. The National Observatory of Athens operates a Vaisala CL31 ceilometer. This study analyses its records over a 2-year period and provides statistics about the PBL height over Athens. A specifically developed algorithm reads the CL31 records and estimates the PBL height. The algorithm detects an upper and a lower PBL curve. The results show maximum values of about 2500 m above sea level (asl)\/3000 m asl in early afternoon hours in all months for upper PBL, and particularly the summer ones, under all-\/clear-sky conditions, respectively. On the contrary, the lower PBL does not possess a clear daily pattern. Nevertheless, one morning and another afternoon peak can be identified. The intra-annual variation of the upper PBL height shows a peak in August in all-weather conditions and in September under clear-sky ones. Season-wise, the upper PBL height varies showing an autumn peak for all-weather cases, while the lower PBL height shows a winter maximum due to persistent surface-temperature inversions in this season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T21:23:41Z","timestamp":1622669021000},"page":"2175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Detection of Upper and Lower Planetary-Boundary Layer Curves and Estimation of Their Heights from Ceilometer Observations under All-Weather Conditions: Case of Athens, Greece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry D.","family":"Kambezidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, GR-11810 Athens, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basil E.","family":"Psiloglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, GR-11810 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Ariadne","family":"Gavriil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, GR-11810 Athens, Greece"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Petrinoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, GR-11810 Athens, Greece"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00349-0","article-title":"Review and inter-comparison of operational methods for the determination of the Mixing Height","volume":"34","author":"Seibert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos. 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