{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:05:20Z","timestamp":1769555120826,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC, 41701551, 41605117, 41771291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC, 41701551, 41605117, 41771291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the occurrence of fog and haze over China has increased. The retrieval of trace gases from the multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is challenging under these conditions. In this study, various reported retrieval settings for formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are compared to evaluate the performance of these settings under different meteorological conditions (clear day, haze, and fog). The dataset from 1st December 2019 to 31st March 2020 over Nanjing, China, is used in this study. The results indicated that for HCHO, the optimal settings were in the 324.5\u2013359 nm wavelength window with a polynomial order of five. At these settings, the fitting and root mean squared (RMS) errors for column density were considerably improved for haze and fog conditions, and the differential slant column densities (DSCDs) showed more accurate values compared to the DSCDs between 336.5 and 359 nm. For SO2, the optimal settings for retrieval were found to be at 307\u2013328 nm with a polynomial order of five. Here, root mean square (RMS) and fitting errors were significantly lower under all conditions. The observed HCHO and SO2 vertical column densities were significantly lower on fog days compared to clear days, reflecting a decreased chemical production of HCHO and aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 in fog droplets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T21:16:58Z","timestamp":1623187018000},"page":"2244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recommendations for HCHO and SO2 Retrieval Settings from MAX-DOAS Observations under Different Meteorological Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Javed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Aimon","family":"Tanvir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1022-3999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Bilal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Congzi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0015-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangguang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2717-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7290-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Remote sensing of gaseous air pollution","volume":"3","author":"Almqvist","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platt, U., and Stutz, J. 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