{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T19:40:21Z","timestamp":1771962021795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. LQ20D010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LQ20D010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 19DZ1202400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 19DZ1202400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiaxing Science and Technology Project","award":["No. 2019AY11017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2019AY11017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As fundamental load-bearing parts, the cylindrical steel structures of transmission towers relate to the stability of the main structures in terms of topological relation and performance. Therefore, the periodic monitoring of a cylindrical steel structure is necessary to maintain the safety and stability of existing structures in energy transmission. Most studies on deformation analysis are still focused on the process of identifying discrepancies in the state of a structure by observing it at different times, yet relative deformation analysis based on the data acquired in single time has not been investigated effectively. In this study, the piecewise cylinder fitting method is presented to fit the point clouds collected at a single time to compute the relative inclination of a cylindrical steel structure. The standard deviation is adopted as a measure to evaluate the degree of structure deformation. Meanwhile, the inclination rate of each section is compared with the conventional method on the basis of the piecewise cylinder fitting parameters. The validity and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by real transmission tower point cloud data. Experimental results show that the piecewise cylinder fitting algorithm proposed in this research can meet the accuracy requirements of cylindrical steel structure deformation analysis and has high application value in the field of structure deformation monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T14:16:04Z","timestamp":1623248164000},"page":"2263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A New Approach for Cylindrical Steel Structure Deformation Monitoring by Dense Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongfeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Tongji Zhejiang College, Jiaxing 314051, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukupa, W., Roberts, G.W., Hancock, C., and Al-Manasir, K. (2016). A review of the use of terrestrial laser scanning application for change detection and deformation monitoring of structures. Surv. Rev., 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1080\/00396265.2015.1133039"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Chrzanowski, A., Szostak-Chrzanowski, A., and Steeves, R. (2011, January 15\u201320). Reliability and efficiency of dam deformation monitoring schemes. Proceedings of the Canadian Dam Association Annual Conference, Fredericton, NB, Canada."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2016.03.028","article-title":"Damage plasticity based numerical analysis on steel\u2013concrete\u2013steel sandwich shells used in the Arctic offshore structure","volume":"117","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2005.03.003","article-title":"Structural health monitoring of underground facilities\u2014Technological issues and challenges","volume":"20","author":"Bhalla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:6(362)","article-title":"Fiber Optic Sensors for Bridge Monitoring","volume":"8","author":"Casas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bridge Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-013-0201-7","article-title":"Review: Optical fiber sensors for civil engineering applications","volume":"48","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8667.2006.00466.x","article-title":"A New Approach for Health Monitoring of Structures: Terrestrial Laser Scanning","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Civ. Infrastruct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.094","article-title":"Terrestrial laser scanning and limit analysis of masonry arch bridges","volume":"25","author":"Riveiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-006-9152-6","article-title":"Strain analysis of wood components by close range photogrammetry","volume":"40","author":"Franke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8667.2007.00512.x","article-title":"3D Modeling and Section Properties of Ancient Irregular Timber Structures by Means of Digital Photogrammetry","volume":"22","author":"Arias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Civ. Infrastruct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2006.09.001","article-title":"Influence of the geometry and the abutments movement on the collapse of stone arch bridges","volume":"22","author":"Drosopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Riegl, J., Studnicka, N., and Ullrich, A. (October, January 30). Merging and processing of laser scan data and high-resolution digital images acquired with a hybrid 3D laser sensor. CIPA XIX International Symposium, Commission V, WG5, Antalya, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Reshetyuk, Y. (2009). Self-Calibration and Direct Georeferencing in Terrestrial Laser Scanning. [Ph.D. Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2007.07.008","article-title":"Deformation measurement using terrestrial laser scanning data and least squares 3D surface matching","volume":"63","author":"Monserrat","year":"2008","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"6","article-title":"Structural monitoring of a large dam by terrestrial laser scanning","volume":"36","author":"Alba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"555","article-title":"Terrestrial laser scanning for deformation monitoring\u2014load tests on the Felsenau viaduct (CH)","volume":"37","author":"Zogg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"223","article-title":"A new approach for subway tunnel deformation monitoring: High-resolution terrestrial laser scanning","volume":"XXXIX-B5","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.009","article-title":"Accurate 3D comparison of complex topography with terrestrial laser scanner: Application to the Rangitikei canyon (N-Z)","volume":"82","author":"Lague","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.02.021","article-title":"A laser scanning-based method for fast estimation of seismic-induced building deformations","volume":"79","author":"Pesci","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11249","DOI":"10.3390\/s120811249","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning for Geometry Documentation and Construction Management of Highway Tunnels during Excavation","volume":"12","author":"Gikas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1145\/142920.134011","article-title":"Surface reconstruction from unorganized points","volume":"26","author":"Hoppe","year":"1992","journal-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2009.04.001","article-title":"Knowledge based reconstruction of building models from terrestrial laser scanning data","volume":"64","author":"Pu","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2008.08.005","article-title":"Towards 3D point cloud based object maps for household environments","volume":"56","author":"Rusu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stamos, I., Yu, G., Wolberg, G., and Zokai, S. (2006, January 14\u201316). 3D Modeling Using Planar Segments and Mesh Elements. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission (3DPVT\u201906), Chapel Hill, NC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/3DPVT.2006.5"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2013.11.004","article-title":"Data infrastructure for multitemporal airborne LiDAR point cloud analysis\u2014Examples from physical geography in high mountain environments","volume":"45","author":"Rieg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Environ. Urban Syst."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6240","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2905045","article-title":"Rigorous Error Modeling for sUAS Acquired Image-Derived Point Clouds","volume":"57","author":"Rodarmel","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Vahid, S., and Wang, S. (2017, January 21\u201325). Using point cloud technology for process simulation in the context of digital factory based on a systems engineering integrated approach. Proceedings of the International Conference of Engineering Design 2017, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2019.102998","article-title":"Near real-time circular tunnel shield segment assembly quality inspection using point cloud data: A case study","volume":"91","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/17\/021","article-title":"Image reconstruction in circular cone-beam computed tomography by constrained, total-variation minimization","volume":"53","author":"Sidky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031008","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4039583","article-title":"Optimality Conditions for Constrained Least-Squares Fitting of Circles, Cylinders, and Spheres to Establish Datums","volume":"18","author":"Shakarji","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1981.1102568","article-title":"Principal component analysis in linear systems: Controllability, observability, and model reduction","volume":"26","author":"Moore","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/12\/2263\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:12:34Z","timestamp":1760163154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/12\/2263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13122263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13122263","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]}}}