{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:43:08Z","timestamp":1777002188897,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land subsidence is a significant problem around the world that can increase the risk of flooding, damage to infrastructure, and economic loss. Hence, the continual monitoring of subsidence is important for early detection, mechanism understanding, countermeasure implementation, and deformation prediction. In this study, we used multiple-sensor observations from the Continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS), the small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm, interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR), precise leveling, multi-layer compaction monitoring wells (MLCWs), and groundwater observation wells (GWs) to show the spatial and temporal details of land subsidence in the Choushui River alluvial fan (CRAF), Taiwan, from 1993 to 2019. The results showed that significant land subsidence has occurred along the coastal areas in the CRAF, and most of the inland subsidence areas have also experienced higher subsidence rates (&gt;30 mm\/yr). The analysis of subsidence along the Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) revealed a newly formed subsidence center between Tuku and Yuanchang Townships in Yunlin, with high subsidence rates ranging from 30 to 70 mm\/yr. We propose a map showing, for the first time, the distribution of deep compactions occurring below 300 m depth in the CRAF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T21:34:38Z","timestamp":1623360878000},"page":"2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Space-Time Evolutions of Land Subsidence in the Choushui River Alluvial Fan (Taiwan) from Multiple-Sensor Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yi-An","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"},{"name":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Pai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0585-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Chia","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiun-Yee","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-9031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Heng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3322-353X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheinway","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1999)027<0483:STUADO>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Sensing the ups and downs of Las Vegas: InSAR reveals structural control of land subsidence and aquifer-system deformation","volume":"27","author":"Amelung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"InSAR to support sustainable urbanization over compacting aquifers: The case of Toluca Valley, Mexico","volume":"63","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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