{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:32:46Z","timestamp":1772260366944,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007336","name":"Universitatea din Bucure\u0219ti","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUI 4505502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUI 4505502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper investigates the urban landscape changes for the last 50 years in Bucharest, the capital city of Romania. Bucharest shows a complex structural transformation driven by the socialist urban policy, followed by an intensive real-estate market development. Our analysis is based on a diachronic set of high-resolution satellite imagery: declassified CORONA KH-4B from 1968, SPOT-1 from 1989, and multisensor stacked layers from Sentinel-1 SAR together with Sentinel-2MSI from 2018. Three different datasets of land cover\/use are extracted for the reference years. Each dataset reveals its own urban structure pattern. The first one illustrates a radiography of the city in the second part of the 20th century, where rural patterns meet the modern ones, while the second one reveals the frame of a city in a full process of transformation with multiple constructions sites, based on the socialist model. The third one presents an image of a cosmopolitan city during an expansion process, with a high degree of landscape heterogeneity. All the datasets are included in a built-up change analysis in order to map and assess the spatial transformations of the city pattern over 5 decades. In order to quantify and map the changes, the Built-up Change Index (BCI) is introduced. The results highlight a particular situation linked to the policy development visions for each decade, with major changes of about 50% for different built-up classes. The GIS analysis illustrates two major landscape transformations: from the old semirural structures with houses surrounded by gardens from 1968, to a compact pattern with large districts of blocks of flats in 1989, and a contemporary city defined by an uncontrolled urban sprawl process in 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"2323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Remote Sensing-Based Analysis of Urban Landscape Change in the City of Bucharest, Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin","family":"Nistor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4665-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"V\u00eerghileanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"C\u00e2rlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GISBOX, 060586 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan-Andrei","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Liviu","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GISBOX, 060586 Bucharest, Romania"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.06.017","article-title":"Land use and land cover changes in post-socialist countries: Some observations from Hungary and Poland","volume":"78","author":"Cegielska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.10.002","article-title":"A comparison of spatial autocorrelation indices and landscape metrics in measuring urban landscape fragmentation","volume":"121","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. 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