{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:25:00Z","timestamp":1768775100459,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41775130, 42075074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41775130, 42075074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A1515011230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515011230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"funding to Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies","award":["2020B1212060025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016691","name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017GC010619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017GC010619"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The representation of mixed-phase cloud optical properties in models is a critical problem in cloud modeling studies. Ice and liquid water co-existing in a cloud layer result in significantly different cloud optical properties from those of liquid water and ice clouds. However, it is not clear as to how mixed-phase cloud optical properties are affected by various microphysical factors, including the effective particle size, ice volume fraction, and ice particle shape. In this paper, the optical properties (extinction efficiency, scattering efficiency, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor) of mixed-phase cloud were calculated assuming externally and internally mixed cloud particle models in a broad spectral range of 0.2\u2013100 \u03bcm at various effective particle diameters and ice volume fraction conditions. The influences of various microphysical factors on optical properties were comprehensively examined. For the externally mixed cloud particles, the shapes of ice crystals were found to become more important as the ice volume fraction increases. Compared with the mixed-phase cloud with larger effective diameter, the shape of ice crystals has a greater impact on the optical properties of the mixed-phase cloud with a smaller effective diameter (&lt;20 \u03bcm). The optical properties calculated by internally and externally mixed models are similar in the longwave spectrum, while the optical properties of the externally mixed model are more sensitive to variations in ice volume fraction in the solar spectral region. The bulk scattering phase functions were also examined and compared. The results indicate that more in-depth analysis is needed to explore the radiative properties and impacts of mixed-phase clouds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1623709546000},"page":"2330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sensitivity of Mixed-Phase Cloud Optical Properties to Cloud Particle Model and Microphysical Factors at Wavelengths from 0.2 to 100 \u00b5m"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingqi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1996-880X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1126\/science.243.4887.57","article-title":"Cloud-Radiative Forcing and Climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment","volume":"243","author":"Ramanathan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/341132a0","article-title":"CO2 and Climate: A Missing Feedback?","volume":"341","author":"Mitchell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1029\/91JD02472","article-title":"A Parameterization of Ice Cloud Optical Properties for Climate Models","volume":"97","author":"Ebert","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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