{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:18:27Z","timestamp":1771636707040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41877021 and 41171265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877021 and 41171265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Topdressing accounts for approximately 40% of the total nitrogen (N) application of winter wheat on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China. However, N use efficiency of topdressing is low due to the inadaptable topdressing method used by local farmers. To improve the N use efficiency of winter wheat, an optimization method for topdressing (THP) is proposed that uses unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing to accurately acquire the growth status and an improved model for growth potential estimation and optimization of N fertilizer amount for topdressing (NFT). The method was validated and compared with three other methods by a field experiment: the conventional local farmer\u2019s method (TLF), a nitrogen fertilization optimization algorithm (NFOA) proposed by Raun and Lukina (TRL) and a simplification introduced by Li and Zhang (TLZ). It shows that when insufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the proposed method provided as much NFT as the TLF method, i.e., 25.05% or 11.88% more than the TRL and TLZ methods and increased the yields by 4.62% or 2.27%, respectively; and when sufficient basal fertilizer was provided, the THP method followed the TRL and TLZ methods to reduce NFT but maintained as much yield as the TLF method with a decrease of NFT by 4.20%. The results prove that THP could enhance crop production under insufficient N preceding conditions by prescribing more fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by lowering the fertilizer amount when enough basal fertilizer is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T21:58:32Z","timestamp":1623880712000},"page":"2349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optimization of Topdressing for Winter Wheat by Accurate Growth Monitoring and Improved Production Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1685-6455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingchun","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Jianli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Kefan","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Renhao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106049","article-title":"Winter wheat planted area monitoring and yield modeling using MODIS data in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China","volume":"182","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. 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