{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:20:52Z","timestamp":1772205652042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42001240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["2019CZEPK07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CZEPK07"]}]},{"name":"College Students Practice and Innovation Training Program of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["201910300003Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201910300003Z"]}]},{"name":"College Students Practice and Innovation Training Program of NUIST, China","award":["202010300271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010300271"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Foundation, China (NSFC)","award":["72061137071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72061137071"]}]},{"name":"the Dutch Research Council (NWO)","award":["482.19.608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["482.19.608"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC1510203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1510203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Human Development Index (HDI) is a prevailing indicator to present the status and trend of sustainability of nations, hereby offers a valuable measurement on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Revealing the dynamics of the HDI of the Eastern Hemisphere countries is vital for measurement and evaluation of the human development process and revealing the spatial disparities and evolutionary characteristics of human development. However, the statistical data-based HDI, which is currently widely applied, has defects in terms of data availability and inconsistent statistical caliber. To tackle such an existing gap, we applied nighttime lights (NTL) data to reconstruct new HDI indicators named HDINTL and quantify the HDINTL at multispatial scales of Eastern Hemisphere countries during 1992\u20132013. Results showed that South Central Asia countries had the smallest discrepancies in HDINTL, while the largest was found in North Africa. The national-level HDINTL values in the Eastern Hemisphere ranged between 0.138 and 0.947 during 1992\u20132013. At the subnational scale, the distribution pattern of HDINTL was spatially clustered based on the results of spatial autocorrelation analysis. The evolutionary trajectory of subnational level HDINTL exhibited a decreasing and then increasing trend along the northwest to the southeast direction of Eastern Hemisphere. At the pixel scale, 93.52% of the grids showed an increasing trend in HDINTL, especially in the urban agglomerations of China and India. These results are essential for the ever-improvement of policy making to reduce HDI\u2019s regional disparity and promote the continuous development of humankind\u2019s living qualities. This study offers an improved HDI accounting method. It expects to extend the channel of HDI application, e.g., potential integration with environmental, physical, and socioeconomic data where the NTL data could present as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T21:50:15Z","timestamp":1624225815000},"page":"2415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Human Development Index: A Comparative Study on Countries and Regions in the Eastern Hemisphere from the Perspective of Evolution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanwei","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Rd. 500, Shanghai 200241, China"},{"name":"Institute of Eco-Chongming, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaixia","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Policy, and School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-020-1715-x","article-title":"Population, urbanization and economic scenarios over the Belt and Road region under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways","volume":"30","author":"Jing","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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