{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T05:55:17Z","timestamp":1774763717874,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["2020(D)-011(F)-03; 2019(D)-004(F)-01; KLLSMP201801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020(D)-011(F)-03; 2019(D)-004(F)-01; KLLSMP201801"]}]},{"name":"UNESCO-IUGS project","award":["IGCP 663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGCP 663"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange of National Natural Science Foundation","award":["41820104001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41820104001"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","award":["2018YFC1505301;  2018YFC1505304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1505301;  2018YFC1505304"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land reclamation has been increasingly employed in many coastal cities to resolve issues associated with land scarcity and natural hazards. Especially, land subsidence is a non-negligible environmental geological problem in reclamation areas, which is essentially caused by soil consolidation. However, spatial-scale evaluation on the average degree of consolidation (ADC) of soil layers and the effects of soil consolidation on land subsidence have rarely been reported. This study aims to carry out the integrated analysis on soil consolidation and subsidence mechanism in Chongming East Shoal (CES) reclamation area, Shanghai, at spatial-, macro-, and micro-scale so that appropriate guides can be provided to resist the potential environmental hazards. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique was utilized to retrieve the settlement curves of the selected onshore (Ra) and offshore (Rb) areas. Then, the hyperbolic (HP) model and three-point modified exponential (TME) model were combined applied to predict the ultimate settlement and to determine the range of ADC rather than a single pattern. With two boreholes Ba and Bb set within Ra and Rb, conventional tests, MIP test, and SEM test were conducted on the collected undisturbed soil to clarify the geological features of exposed soil layers and the micro-scale pore and structure characteristics of representative compression layer. The preliminary results showed that the ADC in Rb (93.1\u201394.1%) was considerably higher than that in Ra (60.8\u201378.7%); the clay layer was distinguished as the representative compression layer; on micro-scale, the poor permeability conditions contributed to the low consolidation efficiency and slight subsidence in Rb, although there was more compression space. During urbanization, the offshore area may suffer from potential subsidence when it is subjected to an increasing ground load, which requires special attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13122418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T13:29:58Z","timestamp":1624282198000},"page":"2418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Spatial-Scale Evaluation of Soil Consolidation Concerning Land Subsidence and Integrated Mechanism Analysis at Macro-, and Micro-Scale: A Case Study in Chongming East Shoal Reclamation Area, Shanghai, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6879-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}]},{"given":"Xuexin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"}]},{"given":"Tianliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Jiewei","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}]},{"given":"Xinlei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200072, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China"}]},{"given":"Cencen","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.08.051","article-title":"Evaluation for coastal reclamation feasibility using a comprehensive hydro-dynamic framework: A case study in Haizhou Bay","volume":"100","author":"Feng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. 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